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Home
JoVE Business
Macroeconomics
货币供应量与美联储
货币供应量与美联储
Business
Macroeconomics
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Business Macroeconomics
The Quantity of Money

5.3: 货币供应量与美联储

155 Views
01:11 min
November 14, 2025
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

货币供应量,或称货币总量,是指一个经济体中可用的全部货币。在现代经济中,由于作为货币的资产种类繁多,定义和衡量货币供应量成为一项挑战。

与只有单一货币形式的简单体系不同,当前的经济体系中存在多种货币形式,人们可以通过多种渠道获取这些货币。

例如,人们通常使用现金或借记卡支付日常开销,例如购买食品杂货。借记卡直接从支票账户中提取资金。数字工具,如银行的移动应用程序,使人们能够通过从支票账户转账支付账单。当人们计划购买大宗商品(如汽车)时,常常将资金从储蓄账户转入支票账户。此外,如果需要,还可以从货币市场存款账户中提取资金。

因此,许多支付方式通常依赖于存放在不同类型银行账户中的资金,如支票账户、储蓄账户或货币市场存款账户。账户之间资金流动的便捷性使得确定流通中的货币精确数量变得更加复杂。

不同账户中的金融资产可能具备相似功能,这使得货币的界限变得模糊。因此,衡量货币供应量需要决定应纳入哪些类型的资产。一些资产流动性较高,能够迅速用于支付;而另一些则流动性较弱,尽管如此,它们在金融决策中仍然发挥着作用。

由于货币以不同形式存在,且用途广泛,因此精确衡量经济中货币的总量变得极为困难。

Transcript

货币数量,也称为货币供应量,是经济体中可用的货币总量。

在像美国这样的现代经济中,货币存在多种形式,且可以通过多种方式获取。

经济学家根据流动性对这些资产进行排名——即它们购买商品和服务的便利性。

想想汤姆。他可以用现金买菜,或者刷一张借记卡,从他的支票账户扣款。

汤姆可以用银行的手机应用支付电费,这样他就能用支票账户支付。

他一直在考虑买车。到时候,他知道可以把钱从储蓄账户转到支票账户。

如果汤姆遇到医疗紧急情况,他知道可以从他的货币市场存款账户中提取资金。

由于如此多不同的资产被同时使用,划清什么算“钱”的界限变得越来越困难。

这取决于我们在定义货币供应时包含哪些类型的资产。

Explore More Videos

货币供应量 货币数量 金融资产 流动性 现代经济 支票账户 储蓄账户 货币市场存款账户 数字支付工具 货币测量

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