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JoVE Business
Macroeconomics
货币供应量指标II
货币供应量指标II
Business
Macroeconomics
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Business Macroeconomics
Measures of Money II

5.5: 货币供应量指标II

138 Views
01:28 min
November 14, 2025
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

M2 是衡量一个经济体货币供应量的常用指标。加拿大、美国等多个国家均使用 M2,尽管具体构成可能因国家而异。

在美国,M2 包含 M1 的所有组成部分,以及若干其他组成部分。M1 由流通中的货币、活期存款和其他高流动性存款组成。M2 除了包括 M1,还包括小额定期存款和零售货币市场共同基金份额。

定期存款是一种储蓄工具,存款人可在称为到期日的特定日期提取本金。提前支取时需支付罚金。存款金额低于 10 万美元的为小额定期存款,而小额定期存款被计入 M2 中。

零售货币市场共同基金份额是 M2 的另一个组成部分。这些基金主要面向个人投资者,并由投资公司管理。基金投资于短期、低风险的金融工具,投资者可随时赎回其份额。

由于 M2 包含了 M1 以及小额定期存款和零售货币市场共同基金份额,因此它能提供一个更全面的视角,反映经济中的可用货币量。同时,将 M1 的数量与流动性较低的货币供应类别相加,是因为货币供应总量是通货膨胀、利率以及国家整体经济健康状况的重要决定因素。

Transcript

M2是衡量经济货币供应量的一种方式。它在包括加拿大和美国在内的许多国家使用。M2包含的内容因国家而异。以美国为例,美联储根据每种货币的流动性进行货币供应量的衡量并进行分类。M1包含了最流动的资产,可以立即使用。

还有其他类型的货币流动性较低,因为它们需要更长时间才能进入并变得流动。这些类型的货币被加到M1中,形成被称为M2的货币供应类别。M2 包含 M1,并增加了小额定期存款和零售货币市场共同基金份额。

定期存款是一种储蓄工具。资金在指定的到期日支付给存款人。提前退出会受到罚款。小面额定期存款是指金额少于10万美元的定期存款。

零售货币市场共同基金股份(retail MMF)通过像先锋集团这样的投资公司向个人投资者开放。它们可以按需赎回,意味着投资者可以将股份卖回给投资公司。

Explore More Videos

M2 货币供应 M1 货币 活期存款 流动存款 小额定期存款 零售货币市场共同基金股份 储蓄工具 到期日

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