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JoVE Business
Macroeconomics
100%准备金银行制度
100%准备金银行制度
Business
Macroeconomics
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Business Macroeconomics
100-Percent-Reserve Banking

5.6: 100%准备金银行制度

106 Views
01:21 min
November 14, 2025
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

假设有一个没有银行的经济体;在该经济体中,全部货币供应量都由公众以实物货币形式持有。这意味着经济体中的货币总量等于家庭和企业持有的货币总价值。

现在,引入了一家商业银行,假设公众将手中的全部实物货币存入该银行。如果银行不发放任何贷款,而是将所有存款以准备金形式持有,这就是所谓的100%准备金银行制度。在这种情况下,银行仅充当安全的货币存放处。

进一步假设该银行除了准备金外不持有其他任何资产,则其资产负债表将显示准备金和存款的价值相等。存款不用于放贷。账户持有人可以随时提取存款。由于银行不通过放贷创造额外货币,因此整体货币供应量不会增加。货币仅仅是从一种形式转移到了另一种形式,而经济体中的货币总量并没有变化。

Transcript

想象一个没有银行的假想经济体。

整个货币供应由货币组成——由公众持有的纸币。公众包括家庭和企业。假设这个经济体里正好有100美元。

现在,一家名为A银行的新商业银行被引入。

公众被认为将100美元存入银行A以作保管。

假设银行A接受存款,但不发放贷款。银行A持有全部100美元作为银行准备金,这些储备是流动资产,如用于支付取款的金库现金。

这种体制是一个百分之百准备金银行体系,银行将所有存款作为准备金持有。

看看银行A的资产负债表,假设银行持有除准备金外的资产。

在资产方面,A银行持有100美元的准备金。

在负债方面,A银行有100美元的存款,欠客户。

货币供应量最初为100美元的流通货币,现在为100美元的活期存款。

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100%准备金银行 商业银行 实物货币 货币供应 银行准备金 存款 贷款 资产负债表 准备金体系 金融机构

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