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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.
货币乘数模型显示货币基础与货币供应量之间的关系。在该模型中,公众选择持有货币的形式为现金或存款。现金(用 C 表示)是指公众持有的现金,而存款(用 D 表示)则是存放在银行账户中的资金。现金存款比率(cr)是指公众持有现金与银行存款的比率。该比率反映了人们偏好持有现金相对于存款的程度。
当人们将资金存入银行时,银行会将部分存款作为准备金,并将剩余部分贷出。准备金用 R 表示。存款准备金率(rr)是指银行持有的准备金与存款金额的比率。此比率受到中央银行监管政策和银行自身政策的影响。
货币基础(记为 B)由公众持有的现金(C)和银行持有的准备金(R)组成。中央银行通过其政策来调控这一货币基础。
该模型强调,货币供应量受三个主要因素的影响:货币基础的规模、现金存款比率和存款准备金率。这三者共同决定了中央银行设定的初始货币存量如何在经济中扩展为总货币供应量。
货币乘数模型考察货币基础与货币供应之间的关系。
在这种模式下,公众持有货币和存款两种形式。
货币(Currency,简称C)指的是他们手头的现金,而存款(Deposits,简称D)则是存放在银行账户中的资金。
货币存款比率(CR)显示公众更倾向于以现金形式持有资金,而非存款。人们对银行安全的信任越大,他们存入银行的钱就越多。
现在,银行从公众那里接收存款。他们持有一部分储备,称为R,其余部分则借出。
准备金-存款比率(rr)表示银行持有的存款中有多少作为准备金。央行的监管和政策会影响它。如果银行感到谨慎,他们可能持有的现金储备超过中央银行的要求。
货币基础,或称B,是中央银行控制的全部货币存量。它包括公众持有的货币C和银行持有的储备R。
该模型将货币供应量与货币基础、货币存款比以及准备金-存款比率联系起来。
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