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Chemistry

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Organic Chemistry

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Covalent Bonding and Structure

Carbon Compounds in Everyday Life

Description

Organic chemistry focuses on carbon compounds called organic compounds. These compounds may come from living things or be made by chemists. Carbon is the main element in them, and it bonds with other carbon atoms as well as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.

Carbon can form up to four strong...

Transcript

有机化学是研究主要由碳原子与氢、氧、氮或硫原子键合而成的化学化合物的学科。

有机化合物构成了种类繁多的分子——从生命的基本组成单元如DNA或植物细胞壁,到能够释放能量的物质如燃料。它们通常容易被分解。

碳原子构成了每一种有机化合物的骨架,由于碳原子能够形成四个单键、双键或三键,因而可形成环状、支链状和直链状等多种多样的结构。 

有机化合物可以是烃类,也可以是官能团化的烃类。

烃类完全由碳原子和氢原子构成。烷烃是仅含单键的烃类。烯烃含有一个或多个双键,而炔烃含有一个或多个三键。

一个或多个氢原子被特定原子团或官能团取代的烃类称为“官能化烃”。官能化烃的通式用字母“R”表示烃基部分,后跟特定的官能团。

官能...

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