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Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics
Why Some Solutions Form Spontaneously
Description
Solution formation can happen spontaneously under the right conditions. A spontaneous process is one that occurs without energy from an outside source. During dissolution, solute and solvent particles separate and then attract each other in a new way.
The energy change depends on the balance of i...
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Transcript
当溶质与溶剂混合形成溶液时,其组成分子之间存在三种主要的分子间作用力:即溶质分子之间的吸引力、溶剂分子之间的吸引力,以及溶剂分子与溶质分子之间的吸引力。
溶质在溶剂中溶解时,必须破坏溶质粒子之间的溶质-溶质相互作用,以便溶质与溶剂粒子之间形成更多的相互作用位点。
为了使溶质粒子进入溶剂分子之间,必须打破溶剂粒子之间的溶剂-溶剂相互作用。
必须建立溶剂与溶质粒子之间的溶剂-溶质相互作用,才能使物质相互混合。
溶质在溶剂中的溶解程度取决于这三种相互作用彼此之间的相对强弱。
如果溶剂与溶质之间的相互作用足以克服溶质-溶质和溶剂-溶剂之间的相互作用,则溶质将很容易溶解在溶剂中。
溶解度既取决于溶质与溶剂分子之间...
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