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Chemistry

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Analytical Chemistry

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Molecular Vibrational Spectroscopy

IR Spectra and Functional Group ID

Description

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy helps identify functional groups in molecules by measuring how they absorb infrared light. It is based on the idea that electromagnetic radiation can move atoms or molecules from a lower energy state to a higher one when the radiation matches the energy gap between those states. In IR spectroscopy,...

Transcript

当红外辐射通过分子时,其共价键结合的原子会吸收波长在2.5至25微米范围内的辐射,从而从较低的振动能级跃迁至较高的振动能级。

能够引起键偶极矩显著变化的分子振动称为红外活性振动。

红外辐射以倒数厘米表示,该单位代表光谱波数,其值为以厘米为单位的波长的倒数。

根据光速公式,波长 λ 等于光速 c 除以频率 v

将波长 λ 代入后表明,红外辐射与频率成正比,与介质中的光速成反比。

4000 至 400 cm−1 的频率范围对应于红外光谱的振动区域。

红外光谱法用于鉴定分子中存在的官能团。

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