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Organic Chemistry

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α-Carbon Chemistry: Enols, Enolates, and Enamines

Dieckmann Cyclization to Form Cyclic β-Ketoesters

Description

Dieckmann cyclization is a base-driven reaction that forms cyclic β-ketoesters from diesters. It is an intramolecular Claisen condensation, which means the reaction happens within one molecule. The product is a ring-shaped β-ketoester.

In this reaction, 1,6-diesters and 1,7-diesters are often use...

Transcript

二酯经过分子内 Claisen 缩合产生环状 β-酮酯。这个过程称为 Dieckmann 环化,需要一个相当于强碱的碱基来完成反应。

1,6- 和 1,7-二酯是环化的首选底物,因为它们分别产生稳定的五元和六元环。

在二酯衬底中,α碳之一发生去质子化,并作为亲核试剂攻击链另一端的酯亲电试剂。

当碱基提取与其中一个酯基相邻的 α 质子时,会产生亲核烯醇化位点。

对另一个酯基的羰基碳的分子内攻击形成环状中间体。接下来,羰基键重整,同时失去醇氧根离子,得到环状 β-酮酯。

环状酮酯中的酸性氢被去质子化得到烯醇化离子,酸化后得到中性β酮酯。

Tags

Beta Ketoester FormationBase Catalyzed ReactionCyclic Ketone SynthesisEster Enolate NucleophileCarbonyl Electrophilic AttackRing Closure ReactionAlkylation Decarboxylation