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α-Carbon Chemistry: Enols, Enolates, and Enamines
Dieckmann Cyclization to Form Cyclic β-Ketoesters
Description
Dieckmann cyclization is a base-driven reaction that forms cyclic β-ketoesters from diesters. It is an intramolecular Claisen condensation, which means the reaction happens within one molecule. The product is a ring-shaped β-ketoester.
In this reaction, 1,6-diesters and 1,7-diesters are often use...
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Transcript
二酯通过分子内克莱森缩合反应生成环状β-酮酯。该过程称为迪克曼环化,需要一当量的强碱以推动反应进行完全。
1,6-和1,7-二酯是环化反应的优选底物,因为它们分别可形成稳定的五元环和六元环。
在二酯底物中,其中一个α碳发生去质子化,作为亲核试剂进攻分子链另一端的酯类亲电位点。
当碱夺取酯基邻位的α-氢时,会生成亲核性的烯醇负离子位点。
分子内进攻另一个酯基的羰基碳,形成一个环状中间体。随后,羰基重新形成,同时失去烷氧基离子,生成环状β-酮酯。
环状β-酮酯中的酸性氢被去质子化,生成烯醇负离子,该负离子经酸化后得到中性的β-酮酯。
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