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Gravitation
How the Moon Shapes Earth’s Tides
Description
Earth’s ocean tides are driven by gravitational tidal forces. Scientists have studied the origin of tides for more than 2000 years, and Newton’s work marked the start of a proper understanding. These same tidal forces also act on other astronomical bodies. They can produce internal heat that leads to volcanic activity on Io,...
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Transcript
引力的大小取决于两个质点之间的距离。然而,对于地球这样的扩展物体而言,太阳对朝向太阳一侧施加的引力大于对另一侧的引力。
如果 Fg 是作用在地球中心的平均引力,则力的差异会产生潮汐力。A 点和 B 点的合力方向背离地球中心。
作用在C点和D点的力具有不同的方向。因此,这两点的合力指向地心。
因此,这种残余力将地球挤压成一个扁球体。由于地球表面大部分由海洋组成,这一效应显著表现为一对高潮和低潮。
由于月球距离较近且大小与地球相比较为接近,月球对地球产生的潮汐力效应约为太阳的2.2倍。
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