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Gravitation

How Astronomers Find Black Holes

Description

Black holes are found through indirect astronomical evidence. They were first proposed in the 1920s, but they stayed outside observational astronomy until the 1970s. Their closest known cousins are neutron stars, which are made mostly of packed neutrons and are extremely dense.

A neutron star can...

Transcript

事件视界定义了黑洞周围的一个边界,在此边界内,逃逸速度超过光速。

由于光子无法逃逸,事件视界内部发生的事件无法被观测到。那么,天文学家如何探测黑洞呢?

黑洞巨大的引力会吸引其附近的任何物质。当这些物质落入事件视界时,会在事件视界周围形成一个类似漩涡的盘状结构,称为吸积盘。

在事件视界外侧,物质的运动速度略低于光速。以相对论性速度运动的粒子相互作用,从而提高吸积盘的温度。在极高的温度下,物质会发射出X射线,天文学家可利用空间望远镜探测到这些X射线。

通过观测靠近星系中心的恒星轨道周期,可以探测到其中心的超大质量黑洞。利用开普勒行星运动第三定律,可估算此类黑洞的质量。

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