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Waves

Wave Interference in Strings and Air Columns

Description

Wave interference in strings and air columns can create standing waves that seem to vibrate in place. A standing wave may appear on the surface of a glass of milk kept in a refrigerator. The refrigerator motor sends vibrations into the milk, and the wave moves up and down without seeming to travel across the surface.

Transcript

当拨动一根绷紧的弦时,产生的波会垂直上下振动。这种振动是由两列频率和振幅相同但传播方向相反的波相互干涉而形成的。

理想情况下,当行波遇到边界时,会来回反射。波形在弦上保持静止,而其振幅发生波动。这种波称为驻波。

两个波的单个波函数之和即为驻波的波函数。 

此处,正弦函数表示波的正弦简谐振荡,而余弦函数则作为缩放因子,用于调节波的振幅。

当时间为半个周期的整数倍时,两列波同相;当时间为四分之一个周期的整数倍时,两列波反相。

正弦函数值为零的点位移为零,称为波节。

对于同相波,正弦函数达到最大值的点对应于最大位移点,这些点称为波腹。

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