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The First Law of Thermodynamics

First Law of Thermodynamics: Solving Problems

Description

The first law of thermodynamics links internal energy, heat, and work. It states that the change in internal energy of a system equals the net heat transfer into the system minus the net work done by the system. This is a general form of energy conservation, and it can be used for any thermodynamic process.

Transcript

热力学第一定律指出,加入系统的热量用于对外做功并增加系统的内能。

考虑一个例子:在1个大气压下,100克水在100摄氏度时转化为蒸汽。此热力学过程的内能变化是多少?

当水转化为水蒸气时,该热力学系统在恒定温度和压力下从初始的液态变为最终的气态。

传入系统的热量是质量与水的汽化潜热的乘积。

功等于压力与体积变化的乘积。利用蒸汽和水的质量及密度值,可估算出体积变化,从而估算出所做的功。

这里未知量是内能的变化,而已知量是系统吸收的热量和系统对外所做的功。因此,应用热力学第一定律,可以估算出内能的变化。

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