go to jove.com

HIGH SCHOOL

Physics

Concept Videos

Physics

This is a free preview. For full access

The First Law of Thermodynamics

Gas Temperature Changes in Adiabatic Processes

Description

Adiabatic processes change the temperature of an ideal gas without heat transfer. In an adiabatic compression, no heat is added, but work is done on the gas. That work raises the gas temperature. In an adiabatic expansion, the gas does work and its temperature drops.

A common example is the compr...

Transcript

系统内部或外部没有热量传递的热力学过程称为绝热过程。

因此,根据热力学第一定律,在绝热过程中内能的变化等于该过程对外做功的负值。

例如,一种由绝热管构成的火活塞,其一端封闭,另一端装有可移动的活塞。 

如果将一小块棉球放入试管内,并在室温下让活塞迅速下压,尽管未施加外部热量,棉球仍会燃烧。这是由于绝热压缩所致。

此处,随着体积减小,所做的功变为负值;因此,内能变化为正值,气体温度相应升高。

相反,当打开一瓶冷却的碳酸饮料时,瓶内被困住的气体经历绝热膨胀,导致所做的功为正值。

因此,内能降低并伴随温度下降,使蒸发的蒸气凝结成可见的云。

More videos by Standards