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Biology

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Anatomy and Physiology

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Essential Cellular Processes

How Cells Control Gene Expression

Description

Cells control gene expression at several stages, from making RNA to building protein. These checkpoints include transcription, RNA processing, RNA localization, and translation. Together, they help decide when a gene is used and whether a protein is made.

Transcription is controlled by regulatory...

Transcript

细胞在转录、mRNA 加工和翻译过程中精确调控基因表达。

转录调控可由结合DNA上调控序列的蛋白质介导,以抑制或启动特定基因的转录。

转录生成的前体mRNA通过添加5'端帽子结构和3'端多聚A尾进行修饰。mRNA经历剪接过程,其中非编码区被移除,编码区连接形成成熟的mRNA。差异剪接模式和RNA结合蛋白在此阶段调控基因表达。

只有那些与RNA结合蛋白结合形成核糖核蛋白颗粒的mRNA才会被选择性地转运到细胞质中进行翻译。

翻译调控可以具有特异性,即通过与蛋白质、微小RNA(microRNAs)、短干扰RNA(siRNAs)相互作用,来调控特定mRNA亚群的翻译抑制。

相比之下,一般的翻译调控会激活或抑制翻译机制中的蛋白...

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