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Essential Cellular Processes
From Stem Cell to Specialized Cells
Description
Cellular differentiation turns unspecialized cells into specialized cells with specific jobs. This process helps a complex organism, such as a human, develop from a single fertilized egg into a body with many cell types. Nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells are examples of the final cell types that appear during d...
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Transcript
在细胞分化过程中,未分化的细胞会获得特定的特征,例如形态、大小或膜蛋白组成,以在体内执行特定功能。
受精卵或合子具有高度增殖性且为全能性;也就是说,它可以分化形成所有类型的细胞。
随着合子经历一系列分裂,其子细胞逐渐失去全能性,并分化形成胚胎中的特化细胞,例如肌细胞、神经元、皮肤表皮细胞、心肌细胞和肝细胞。
尽管所有这些体细胞都含有相同的基因组,但它们会表达某些基因,同时关闭其他基因。这使得它们能够合成执行组织特异性功能所必需的蛋白质。
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