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The First Law of Thermodynamics

Energy Forms in Thermodynamics

Description

Thermodynamic potentials are energy-based state functions used to analyze a thermodynamic system. They help describe how a system changes under different conditions. The four main thermodynamic potentials are internal energy, enthalpy, Helmholtz free energy, and Gibbs free energy.

These potential...

Transcript

热力学势是描述系统状态的状态函数,其值取决于热力学变量。

内能是熵和体积的函数。温度和压强可以分别表示为在体积恒定和熵恒定条件下内能的偏微分。

焓等于系统内能与压力和体积乘积之和。对内能微分并代入dU后,可将焓表示为熵和压力的函数。因此,温度和体积可表示为焓的偏微分。

亥姆霍兹自由能定义为内能减去温度与系统熵的乘积。对于无穷小变化,该方程成为体积和温度的函数。因此,熵和压强可通过亥姆霍兹自由能的偏微分求得。

用焓代替内能可将亥姆霍兹自由能转化为吉布斯自由能。进一步微分并化简可使方程变为温度和压力的函数。类似的计算可将熵和体积表示为吉布斯自由能的偏导数。

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