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HIGH SCHOOL

Engineering

Concept Videos

Mechanical Engineering

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Friction

Sliding Friction Between Moving Surfaces

Description

Kinetic friction is the sliding friction that acts when two surfaces move against each other. It opposes relative motion and acts parallel to the contact surface, in the opposite direction of travel. In the truck and car example, the car first stays still because static friction holds it in place.

Transcript

假设一辆卡车试图推动一辆静止的汽车。当卡车试图拉动汽车时,在接触面上会产生静摩擦力。

当施加的力超过最大静摩擦力时,接触面处的摩擦力会减小至一个较低的值,称为动摩擦力。随后,汽车开始滑动并速度逐渐增加。

动摩擦力的大小与法向力成正比,比例常数称为动摩擦系数。

界面的持续破坏会导致动摩擦力的产生,这种摩擦力会阻碍汽车的运动。

随着汽车速度的增加,起初动摩擦力缓慢减小;但在较高速度下,其减小幅度显著增大。

动摩擦力与合力正压力之间的夹角称为动摩擦角。该角度始终小于或等于最大静摩擦角。

动摩擦系数取决于表面的状况以及两个表面之间的相对速度。