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Chemical Applications of Statistical Analyses
Reducing Bias in Measurement Errors
Description
Systematic errors are bias in measurement, and their sources can often be identified and reduced. In this topic, the main categories are sampling, instrumental, methodological, and personal errors. Each one comes from a different part of the experiment, so each one needs a different fix.
Sampling...
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Transcript
系统性错误,根据其来源,分为四种类型——抽样、工具、方法和个人错误。
由于抽样方法不当,会导致抽样误差,从而导致重复样本之间的差异。优化的采样策略可最大程度地减少这些误差。
仪器误差是由仪器缺陷或校准错误引起的 这些误差可以通过定期校准来消除。
方法错误源于分析方法的局限性、试剂的非理想行为和无效的假设。这些误差可以通过标准参考物质、空白测试或进行平行独立分析来减轻。
此外,个人错误是分析师粗心和能力有限的结果。这些可以通过系统、细心的实验室工作和自动化程序来最小化。
如果绝对误差的大小与样本量无关,则它是一个常数误差。但是,如果它随样本量系统性地变化,则为成比例误差。
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