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HIGH SCHOOL

Physics

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Gravitation

Gravitational Potential Inside a Shell

Description

Gravitational potential energy for spherically symmetric bodies depends on their masses and the distance between them. The idea is to treat each body as if its mass were concentrated at its center of mass. This makes the calculation easier for high school physics.

A spherically symmetric mass can...

Transcript

两个球对称物体之间的引力势能由物体的质量以及它们之间的距离决定,假设质量集中在中心。

考虑一个质点位于球壳外一定距离处。该球对称的质量分布由多个同心球壳组成,且特定圆环内的所有质点到该质点的距离均相等。

当已知环的质量时,可求得环与质点之间的势能。环的面积与球壳面积之比等于它们的质量之比。

求解距离之间的关系,应用并积分该表达式,可得到球壳与质点之间的势能。此表达式与两个质点之间的势能表达式相同。

如果质点位于球壳内部,则空腔内所有点的引力势处处相同。

由于力是势能的导数,因此该假设同样适用于引力。

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