Name: quality control charts and lab records
Uploaded: 2024-12-05T18:31:54.000Z
Duration: 1 min 5 s
Channel: JoVE

质量保证的三项循环活动之一，质量控制，是一系列旨在确认系统处于统计控制状态的活动的总称。
这些活动包括质量控制图、能力验证、记录和归档。
质量控制图是一种连续绘制的分析特征图表，可作为定性指标。
将特定的分析特征与标准物质的已知特征值进行比较。当测量值超出相对于参考值选定标准偏差的受控范围时，需检查分析条件。
能力验证是对多个实验室间检测性能的分析。每个实验室的结果会与所有实验室结果的均值（作为参考值）或与有证标准物质进行比较。不同实验室之间的差异通过 z 分数来表征。

质量控制

Quality Control

质量控制是三项周期性质量保证活动中的关键一环，有助于保持系统处于统计控制之下。典型的质量控制活动包括创建质量控制图、进行能力测试以及记录和归档结果。


 质量控制有助于跟踪数据、可视化趋势和识别变化，从而更容易发现可能影响分析准确性的偏差。其中，一种方法是生成质量控制图，该图绘制一个或多个分析特性随时间变化的值。在分析过程中的不同时间，这些特性会被反复监控和测量。每个测量值都会与参考材料的已知值进行比较。如果测量值超出受控限值范围（通常定义为参考值的标准偏差），则需要进行检查。如有必要，还需要修改分析条件以保持对系统的统计控制。


 能力测试是跨多个实验室同时进行的分析。通过比较各个实验室结果与所有实验室结果平均值或已知标准参考值之间的差异，来评估实验室间的性能差异。 Z 分数估算这些值与参考值的偏差程度。


 文档和归档是质量保证的关键环节，可确保实验室流程的透明度和可追溯性。与质量控制和保证相关的每项活动都应妥善记录，包括样品保管、仪器校准、标准操作程序和结果。此过程涉及创建一份全面的记录，作为未来检查的参考。


 每份文件都必须清楚地追溯到负责创建或管理的责任人。这通常要求文件由相关人员签署并注明日期，从而增加流程的责任感。正确的文档不仅支持系统的统计控制，而且在识别质量控制流程的变化方面也发挥着关键作用。准确的存档可确保可以检索、评估过去的数据，并用于对未来分析做出明智的决策。

质量控制是三项循环式质量保证活动之一，有助于使系统保持在统计控制状态。典型的质量控制……

Education

教育

JoVE Core

Analytical Chemistry

分析化学

Unit 1

第一单元

Method Development and Sampling Techniques

方法开发与采样技术

method-development-and-sampling-techniques

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

关键术语与概念

quality control charts and lab records

Quality control charts, proficiency testing, and lab records are key parts of quality control in a laboratory. These steps help keep a system under statistical control. They also help track data, show trends, and spot variations that may affect the accuracy of an analysis.

One common tool is a quality control chart. This chart plots one or more analytical characteristics over time. The measured values are taken at different times during the analysis and compared with the known value of reference material. If a result falls outside the controlled limits, usually set by standard deviation from the reference value, the sample needs inspection. The analysis conditions may then be adjusted to keep the system under statistical control.

Proficiency testing is another quality control activity. It involves the same sample or analysis being run across multiple laboratories at the same time. The mean result from all labs, or a known standard reference value, is used to compare how much individual lab results vary. A Z score is then used to estimate how far each value is from the reference value.

Documentation and archiving are also critical in quality assurance. Every step related to quality control should be recorded, including sample custody, instrument calibration, standard operating procedures, and results. These records create a clear reference for later checks and must trace back to the person responsible. Signing and dating documents adds accountability. Good archives make past data easy to retrieve, review, and use for future decisions.

Quality Control Charts and Lab Records

development of analytical methods

Analytical Methods: Technique to Protocol

Analytical methods follow a clear path from technique to protocol. In analytical chemistry, a technique is the scientific principle used to explain a chemical measurement. A method applies that technique to a sample of interest. The next steps are procedure and protocol. A procedure gives the directions for carrying out the analysis with an analytical method. A protocol is the detailed set of guidelines for that procedure, and it should be followed closely to get the desired results. <br...

quality control

Quality control charts, proficiency testing, and lab records are key parts of quality control in a laboratory. These steps help keep a system under statistical control. They also help track data, show trends, and spot variations that may affect the accuracy of an analysis. One common tool is a quality control chart. This chart plots one or more analytical characteristics over time. The measured values are taken at different times during the analysis and compared with the known value of...

quality assurance

Quality Checks in Analytical Testing

Quality assurance in analytical testing brings together the checks that help a system perform properly. It includes quality control, quality assessment, and internal corrective measures. These parts work in a cycle to support reliable results. Quality control happens before and during the analysis. Quality assessment takes place during and after the investigation. Internal corrective measures are then based on the results of post-analysis quality assessment, or they may be applied before a new...

data validation

How Analytical Methods Are Checked

Method validation checks whether an analytical chemistry method gives reliable results. It is especially important when the same method is used with different sample matrices or when the procedure is changed. Validation helps show that the method still meets acceptable standards in each case. Several key checks are used in method validation. Specificity means the method can measure the target analyte without interference from other substances. Linearity means the result changes in direct...

qualitative analysis

Classical and Instrumental Sample ID

Qualitative analysis identifies the elements, ions, or compounds in an unknown sample. It is the first step in the hierarchy of analytical goals. That makes it the starting point for scientific study before quantitative analysis or other forms of analysis. Two main approaches are used in qualitative analysis: classical methods and instrumental methods. Classical methods depend on the visible or sensory result of a chemical reaction, such as a color change, a precipitate, or even a smell. These...

quantitative analysis

Measuring Analyte Concentration

Quantitative analysis measures the amount of a specific substance, called the analyte, in a sample. If the sample composition is unknown, qualitative analysis comes first. That step identifies the components so the correct substances can be measured during the quantitative phase. This method depends on two key measurements. Scientists measure the sample quantity and also a property that is proportional to the amount of analyte. Together, these measurements help determine the analyte...

instrument calibration

Calibrating Lab Instruments for Accurate Results

Calibration helps lab instruments produce accurate and consistent results. It is important in manufacturing, healthcare, testing laboratories, and scientific research. Each instrument needs a calibration process that matches its design and function. This process improves data accuracy and helps results stay reliable. An analytical balance measures mass and needs regular calibration to stay precise. It is calibrated by comparing its readings with known standard weights. These weights act as...

glassware calibration

Calibrating Lab Glassware for Accurate Volume

Calibrating lab glassware helps students measure liquids accurately in the analytical laboratory. It reduces volume errors and supports consistent results across measurements. This matters when using volumetric flasks, pipettes, burettes, and other tools that depend on precise volume readings. Volumetric flasks are used to prepare aqueous solutions with a precise final volume. They have a calibration line on the neck. To calibrate one, fill it with distilled water until the meniscus, the...

standard solutions

Preparing Standard Solutions in the Lab

Standard solutions are prepared to have a precisely known concentration or composition. In analytical chemistry, this accuracy is important because it supports reliable results. A primary standard is a highly pure, stable substance with a high molar mass. It is fully soluble in water, which is the most commonly used solvent in analytical chemistry. A primary standard solution can be used to standardize a secondary standard. Secondary standards have known concentrations, but they are usually...

blank solutions

Blank Solutions in Analytical Testing

Blank solutions are used in analytical testing to show the background signal before a sample is measured. A blank solution does not contain the analyte, which is the substance of interest being tested or measured. It is usually made with the same reagents and procedure as the sample solution, but without the analyte. The main purpose of a blank solution is to control for background interference and contamination. Reagents, solvents, or lab equipment can sometimes create a detectable signal on...

sampling methods: overview

How Sampling Shapes Lab Results

Sampling shapes lab results by determining how a smaller sample represents a larger population. In analytical chemistry, testing an entire population is often impractical or impossible, so samples are collected to make inferences about the whole group. The sampling method is the process used to choose individuals or items for that sample. Common sampling methods include random, judgemental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling. Each method can affect the quality of the data in a...

sampling methods: sample types

Sampling Materials in Solid, Liquid, Gas

Sampling materials are grouped as solid, liquid, or gas. The type of sample helps decide the right collection method. Solid samples can include sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Sediment sampling from water bodies can be done in two common ways. Grab sampling uses a device to collect a discrete sample from the bottom with minimal disturbance. These samples may not show the full area because conditions can vary from place to place. Piston coring collects a...

sampling plans

Choosing Samples for Reliable Results

Sampling is a key step in analytical chemistry. It helps researchers collect data that represents a larger population. The main sampling methods in this topic are random, judgmental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling. Random sampling gives each member of the population an equal chance of being chosen. Researchers often use a random number generator or a lottery-style method. For example, a polymer sheet can be divided into 1 cm x 1 cm sections, and 10 sections can be selected at...

sample preparation for analysis: overview

Preparing Samples by State and Form

Sample preparation depends on the state and form of the sample before analysis. It helps make the sample ready for accurate measurement. The main goal is to extract the analyte, which is the substance being measured, and remove parts that could interfere with the analysis. Solid samples often need the most handling. Large solids are usually ground, crushed, or milled to make them smaller and increase surface area. The sample is then sieved and mixed so it has a uniform composition. After that,...

sample preparation for analysis: advanced techniques

sample-preparation-for-analysis-advanced-techniques

Preparing Complex Samples for Analysis

Preparing complex samples for analysis often requires special digestion and fusion methods. Samples with inorganic or organic material can be hard to dissolve or break down. Common sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion. These steps help turn difficult samples into forms that can be tested reliably and again with similar results. Acid digestion is often used for inorganic materials that do not dissolve in water. It is useful for soil and...

sample handling

Sample Transport and Storage Basics

Sample transport and storage help keep specimens intact before testing. Moving a sample from the collection point to the laboratory requires careful handling. The sample should be sealed well and clearly labeled. These steps help prevent cross-contamination and support reliable results. Temperature control is also important during transport. Some samples travel in insulated containers, cool packs, or refrigerated vehicles so they stay within the needed temperature range. After the samples...

contaminants and errors

Sampling Errors in Sample Preparation

Sampling errors in sample preparation can affect the accuracy of laboratory results. Two common problems are concentration bias from poor sample splitting and contamination from reducing particle size by grinding or homogenization. Recognizing these errors helps make analysis more reliable. The number of samples also matters when a target population follows a normal distribution. In that case, the sample size ns can be found with a formula that uses the t-value for the chosen confidence level,...

key terms and concepts

Learn how quality control charts, proficiency testing, documentation, and archiving help labs track data, check accuracy, and stay under statistical control.

Quality Control Charts and Lab Records | JoVE K12

analytical chemistry

JoVE Core Analytical Chemistry simplifies complex chemical principles by breaking them down into clear, engaging animations, making topics from SI Units to NMR spectroscopy more accessible and straightforward. Additionally, the scientist-in-action videos highlight the application of these concepts in real-world research conducted in laboratories globally.

Quality Control Charts and Lab Records

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