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Biology

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Microbiology

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Viruses

Virus Structure, Entry, and Replication

Description

Viruses are biological entities that rely on host cells to make more copies of themselves. They do not have cells or their own metabolism, but they can show signs of life when they infect a host. Their basic structure includes a nucleic acid core, made of either DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid.

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Transcript

病毒是一类具有核酸核心(DNA 或 RNA)的亚显微感染性病原体,其核酸被包裹在一种称为衣壳的保护性蛋白质外壳中。

它们是专性细胞内寄生体,完全依赖宿主细胞进行复制以及新病毒颗粒的组装。

一些病毒具有源自宿主细胞质膜的脂质包膜。这些包膜含有病毒蛋白。

有包膜病毒利用表面蛋白或糖蛋白附着于宿主细胞,而无包膜病毒则依赖衣壳蛋白与特异性受体结合。

一旦附着,病毒便会将其遗传物质注入宿主细胞内。

例如,HIV 携带 RNA 基因组,并利用逆转录酶将其 RNA 转化为 DNA,随后整合到宿主基因组中。

相反,疱疹病毒含有DNA基因组。

一些病毒,如噬菌体,具有复杂的结构,包括衣壳、尾鞘和尾丝,使其能够将遗传物质直...

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