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Home
JoVE Core
Biology
光能
光能
JoVE Core
Biology
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JoVE Core Biology
Light as Energy

9.2: 光能

96,403 Views
01:35 min
March 11, 2019
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

进行光合作用所需的能量是光——通常是来自太阳的辐射。电磁粒子被称为光子,携带一定数量的能量,取决于波长。所有波长都在电磁波谱的范围内。植物利用波长在400到700纳米之间进行光合作用。它们主要使用一种叫做叶绿素a的色素,它能吸收红光和蓝光,并反射绿光,这就是为什么树叶看起来是绿色的。

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光子

光子是一个离散的电磁粒子或能量束。它总是在运动中,以光速传播。光子的特征是其频率、波长和振幅,类似于波的性质。频率越高的波发射的能量越多,波长越短;而发射的能量越少,频率越低的波长就越长。所有可能波长的范围称为电磁光谱。

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光合吸收光谱

对大多数生物体来说,光合作用依赖于电磁光谱的一小部分,即400到700纳米范围内的可见部分,从蓝色到绿色到红色。然而,一些生物可以利用红外线进行光合作用。

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在植物中,不同的色素分子吸收特定波长的光,给每个分子一个不同的吸收光谱。例如,叶绿素a—叶子中最丰富的色素分子,只吸收红光和蓝光。叶绿素a反映了光谱中的绿色部分,使植物的叶子在人眼看来呈绿色。植物也使用额外的色素来吸收光。例如,藻蓝蛋白可以吸收橙色和红色光,胡萝卜素可以吸收紫外线、紫色、蓝色、蓝绿色和橙色红光,叶黄素可以吸收蓝色和紫外线。

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Transcript

光合作用的能量是光照, 通常是来自太阳的电磁辐射, 表现为粒子形式, 叫做光子的离散的能量包, 以及沿路径振荡的波。 两个连续点之间的距离, 即具体波长, 与波所携带的能量数量有关。 长波长相比短波长传输的能量更少, 所有可能波长的范围 被称为电磁波谱。

光合作用依赖 这个波谱中的一小部分,即可见的部分, 范围从400毫微米到700毫微米。 也就是,从蓝到绿到红。 对植物而言,不同的色素分子 会吸收某些波长的光, 给每个分子一个独特的吸收光谱。 例如,叶绿素,叶子中 最丰富的色素分子, 只会吸收红光和蓝光, 导致绿色被反射,因此被观测为 叶子的颜色。

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光 能量 光合作用 电磁辐射 光子 波 波长 能量传输 电磁波谱 可见部分 纳米 色素分子 吸收光谱 叶绿素 A

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