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Biology
舌头和味蕾
舌头和味蕾
JoVE Core
Biology
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JoVE Core Biology
The Tongue and Taste Buds

19.2: 舌头和味蕾

41,227 Views
00:49 min
March 11, 2019
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

舌头表面覆盖着各种称为乳头的小突起,这些突起要么分布着被摄入的东西(丝状乳头),要么包含感觉味觉(或味觉)受体细胞(真菌状、外翻和叶状乳头)。每个味觉相关乳头内都有味蕾,由30到100个味觉受体细胞组成。

味觉感受细胞将手指状突起称为味觉毛(或微绒毛)伸入味觉孔。在这里,许多细胞含有检测不同味道的受体,即可以品尝的分子。个体之间的平均味蕾数量差异很大,估计在2000-10000个味蕾之间。味觉细胞的寿命约为10-14天,并且不断被替换。因此,每个味蕾都含有不同发育阶段的味觉细胞。

不同类型的味觉突起

除了不含味蕾的丝状突起外,蘑菇状的真菌状突起最多。真菌状突起主要位于舌头的前三分之二,每个味蕾包含一到八个味蕾。

相比之下,其它两种类型的突起,即环状突起和叶状突起,每个突起包含100多个味蕾。最大的外翻突起位于舌根后部,呈“V”形附近,在舌头的两侧,有叶突起。

舌头味觉图的神话

许多科学家的工作,包括柯林斯(Collings)、柳泽(Yanagisawa)和同事们,表明五种基本的味觉可以在舌头的任何地方被感知。因此,不同的口味并不局限于特定的区域,如舌图所示。

Transcript

我们舌头的表面被

几百个称为乳头的小肿块所覆盖

有一种丝状乳头

简单地提供移动食物所需的摩擦力

另外一种菌状乳头 轮廓分布

里面许多味蕾

味觉细胞簇

每个乳头增加表面积

这对味道强度很重要

在每个味蕾的最尖端

通过毛孔突出 是微绒毛

包含不同化学受体的毛发延伸

当被称为促味剂的溶解分子

与特定受体结合时

细胞被刺激并激活附近的神经末梢

然后神经将信号传递到大脑

以获得特定的味道感知

Explore More Videos

舌头 味蕾 丝状 真菌形式 环状 叶状 味觉细胞 味觉强度 化学感受器 味觉感受器 味觉 神经末梢 味觉感知

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