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JoVE Core
Biology
沟通
沟通
JoVE Core
Biology
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JoVE Core Biology
Communication

26.3: 沟通

8,762 Views
01:03 min
March 11, 2019
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

当一只动物发送导致接收信息的动物的变化的信息信号时,发生两只动物之间的通信。生物体以多种不同的方式相互沟通。信号可以是听觉、化学、视觉、触觉或这些的组合。沟通是一种关键的行为适应,可促进生存,成长和繁殖。

沟通方式

一种常见的交流方式是视觉。视觉传达可以用来吸引配偶,比如天堂鸟精心设计的舞蹈,或者发出警告,比如狼的裸露牙齿,或者带状海妖(毒蛇)明亮的神智色彩。蜜蜂的摇摆舞是另一种重要的视觉交流,它告知蜂巢的其它成员资源的位置。

动物也经常使用化学信号来传递信息。例如,犬科动物,如郊狼,通常会有气味标记,以建立优势地位或吸引配偶。

听觉交流也很常见,包括嚎叫、唱歌或啁啾等声音。例如,蟋蟀使用特定种类的声音信号(通常是一系列的啁啾声)来与同种动物交流。大象使用次声,即低于人类听力范围的极低频声音来交流。

马达加斯加发出嘶嘶声的蟑螂是许多使用触觉交流的昆虫种类之一。特别是,他们采用了一种叫做触角的技术,在这种情况下,实际上是触角接触到未来的伴侣。许多其它动物也使用触觉手势,包括人类。

Transcript

沟通是过程 发送和接收信号, 生物体间交换的各种刺激物。 例如,郊狼使用所有四种模式进行通信, 听觉、化学、视觉,和触觉。 他们经常发声以表明自己的身份 与家人团聚, 甚至是为了纪念他们的领土, 也可以用化学方法来描述。

例如,在周围小便 他们的主场边界。 当外人接近时, 主宰的郊狼会出现视觉信号 比如抬起尾巴和皮毛露出牙齿。 当部下的一只卷起尾巴时 甚至可能在地上翻滚 允许触觉确认。 动物环境中的行为适应 推断生存和成长, 对维持生活方式至关重要的结果。

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通讯 传输信号 刺激交换 听觉通讯 化学通讯 视觉通讯 触觉通讯 郊狼通讯 生存与成长 行为适应 动物环境 信息信号 通讯类型 视觉通讯 吸引配偶 发出警告

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