-1::1
Simple Hit Counter
Skip to content

Products

Solutions

×
×
Sign In

CN

EN - EnglishCN - 简体中文DE - DeutschES - EspañolKR - 한국어IT - ItalianoFR - FrançaisPT - Português do BrasilPL - PolskiHE - עִבְרִיתRU - РусскийJA - 日本語TR - TürkçeAR - العربية
Sign In Start Free Trial

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal

Peer reviewed scientific video journal

Behavior
Biochemistry
Bioengineering
Biology
Cancer Research
Chemistry
Developmental Biology
View All
JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Video encyclopedia of advanced research methods

Biological Techniques
Biology
Cancer Research
Immunology
Neuroscience
Microbiology
JoVE Visualize

Visualizing science through experiment videos

EDUCATION

JoVE Core

Video textbooks for undergraduate courses

Analytical Chemistry
Anatomy and Physiology
Biology
Calculus
Cell Biology
Chemistry
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
View All
JoVE Science Education

Visual demonstrations of key scientific experiments

Advanced Biology
Basic Biology
Chemistry
View All
JoVE Lab Manual

Videos of experiments for undergraduate lab courses

Biology
Chemistry

BUSINESS

JoVE Business

Video textbooks for business education

Accounting
Finance
Macroeconomics
Marketing
Microeconomics

OTHERS

JoVE Quiz

Interactive video based quizzes for formative assessments

Authors

Teaching Faculty

Librarians

K12 Schools

Biopharma

Products

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal

Peer reviewed scientific video journal

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Video encyclopedia of advanced research methods

JoVE Visualize

Visualizing science through experiment videos

EDUCATION

JoVE Core

Video textbooks for undergraduates

JoVE Science Education

Visual demonstrations of key scientific experiments

JoVE Lab Manual

Videos of experiments for undergraduate lab courses

BUSINESS

JoVE Business

Video textbooks for business education

OTHERS

JoVE Quiz

Interactive video based quizzes for formative assessments

Solutions

Authors
Teaching Faculty
Librarians
K12 Schools
Biopharma

Language

zh_CN

EN

English

CN

简体中文

DE

Deutsch

ES

Español

KR

한국어

IT

Italiano

FR

Français

PT

Português do Brasil

PL

Polski

HE

עִבְרִית

RU

Русский

JA

日本語

TR

Türkçe

AR

العربية

    Menu

    JoVE Journal

    Behavior

    Biochemistry

    Bioengineering

    Biology

    Cancer Research

    Chemistry

    Developmental Biology

    Engineering

    Environment

    Genetics

    Immunology and Infection

    Medicine

    Neuroscience

    Menu

    JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

    Biological Techniques

    Biology

    Cancer Research

    Immunology

    Neuroscience

    Microbiology

    Menu

    JoVE Core

    Analytical Chemistry

    Anatomy and Physiology

    Biology

    Calculus

    Cell Biology

    Chemistry

    Civil Engineering

    Electrical Engineering

    Introduction to Psychology

    Mechanical Engineering

    Medical-Surgical Nursing

    View All

    Menu

    JoVE Science Education

    Advanced Biology

    Basic Biology

    Chemistry

    Clinical Skills

    Engineering

    Environmental Sciences

    Physics

    Psychology

    View All

    Menu

    JoVE Lab Manual

    Biology

    Chemistry

    Menu

    JoVE Business

    Accounting

    Finance

    Macroeconomics

    Marketing

    Microeconomics

Start Free Trial
Loading...
Home
JoVE Core
Biology
内质网
Video Quiz
内质网
JoVE Core
Biology
A subscription to JoVE is required to view this content.  Sign in or start your free trial.
JoVE Core Biology
Endoplasmic Reticulum

4.6: 内质网

117,510 Views
01:39 min
July 30, 2019
AI Banner

Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

真核细胞中的内质网(ER)是具有多种功能的互连膜的实质网络,从钙储存到生物分子合成。 ER是内膜系统的主要组成部分,它生产对整个细胞膜功能至关重要的磷脂。另外,ER的两个不同区域专门用于制造特定的脂质和蛋白质。

粗糙内质网的特征是其表面存在显微镜下可见的核糖体。当核糖体开始在细胞质中翻译mRNA时,信号序列的存在将核糖体引导到粗糙ER的表面。内质网膜上的受体识别这个序列,并通过跨膜蛋白复合物促进生长多肽进入内质网腔。在伴侣的帮助下,新生蛋白质折叠并进行其它功能修饰,包括糖基化、二硫键形成和齐聚。经过适当折叠和修饰的蛋白质被包装成囊泡,然后运送到高尔基体和细胞中的其他位置。伴侣识别折叠不当的蛋白质,并促进蛋白酶体在细胞溶胶中的降解。

缺乏核糖体,平滑ER是脂质和类固醇合成的细胞位置,细胞解毒,碳水化合物代谢和钙离子的储存。专门分泌激素的细胞往往含有丰富的平滑激素。同样,肝脏的解毒细胞丰富,具有光滑的ER。光滑的ER也是有毒的钙离子的细胞储存部位,然后储存的钙可以迅速释放为信号分子,刺激细胞功能,包括肌肉细胞收缩和水泡释放。钙结合蛋白有助于钙离子在内质网中的储存和快速再吸收。

Transcript

内质网,或ER, 是一系列相互连接的膜囊和 与外核膜连续的小管。 ER的一部分,粗糙内质网, 它的名字来自于附着在它上面的核糖体。 从显微镜下观察, 核糖体使这部分内质网具有粗糙的外观。

一旦结合,核糖体释放新翻译的蛋白质 到腔内,一个由内质网膜包围的空间, 蛋白质经历结构修饰, 例如折叠形成三级结构。 蛋白质还对伴侣蛋白是否进行 适当的翻译和折叠进行了检测。 如果它们通过这种质量控制,就会被包装好 进入囊泡并释放到高尔基体。

然而,如果它们失败,就会在胞质溶胶中降解 其中的氨基酸被回收。 ER的另一部分称为光滑内质网, 因为它缺乏结合的核糖体。 该区域合成碳水化合物和脂类, 也用于用于递送到高尔基体的包装。 在大多数真核细胞中, 光滑的内质网也储存钙离子 用作第二信使。 例如,在称为肌细胞的肌肉细胞中, 平滑的内质网被称为肌浆网, 其中储存的钙离子用于收缩肌肉。

Explore More Videos

内质网 内质网 粗面内质网 光滑内质网 核糖体 蛋白质 管腔 结构修饰 折叠 伴侣蛋白 质量控制 囊泡 高尔基体 胞质溶胶 氨基酸 碳水化合物 脂质 钙离子 第二信使 肌浆网

Related Videos

什么是细胞?

什么是细胞?

Cell Structure and Function

212.0K 浏览

细胞的大小

细胞的大小

Cell Structure and Function

135.1K 浏览

真核细胞区室化

真核细胞区室化

Cell Structure and Function

181.9K 浏览

原核生物

原核生物

Cell Structure and Function

143.2K 浏览

细胞核

细胞核

Cell Structure and Function

108.0K 浏览

核糖体

核糖体

Cell Structure and Function

80.0K 浏览

微管

微管

Cell Structure and Function

102.6K 浏览

过氧化物酶体和线粒体

过氧化物酶体和线粒体

Cell Structure and Function

100.1K 浏览

细胞质

细胞质

Cell Structure and Function

94.1K 浏览

细胞外基质

细胞外基质

Cell Structure and Function

90.7K 浏览

高尔基体

高尔基体

Cell Structure and Function

107.0K 浏览

组织

组织

Cell Structure and Function

86.9K 浏览

缝隙连接

缝隙连接

Cell Structure and Function

58.1K 浏览

植物细胞壁

植物细胞壁

Cell Structure and Function

61.4K 浏览

胞间连丝

胞间连丝

Cell Structure and Function

36.0K 浏览

JoVE logo
Contact Us Recommend to Library
Research
  • JoVE Journal
  • JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments
  • JoVE Visualize
Business
  • JoVE Business
Education
  • JoVE Core
  • JoVE Science Education
  • JoVE Lab Manual
  • JoVE Quizzes
Solutions
  • Authors
  • Teaching Faculty
  • Librarians
  • K12 Schools
  • Biopharma
About JoVE
  • Overview
  • Leadership
Others
  • JoVE Newsletters
  • JoVE Help Center
  • Blogs
  • JoVE Newsroom
  • Site Maps
Contact Us Recommend to Library
JoVE logo

Copyright © 2026 MyJoVE Corporation. All rights reserved

Privacy Terms of Use Policies
WeChat QR code