金属火焰发射

Students must wear a lab coat, safety glasses, and nitrile gloves during metal flame emission testing preparation. These items protect against chemical exposure and potential burns from the Bunsen burner and heated materials. Ensure all protective equipment is properly fitted before beginning any lab work.

Label six test tubes as Na, K, Li, Ba, Sr, and Cu. Use a clean disposable spatula for each metal salt to prevent cross-contamination. Fill each tube to approximately 2 mm depth with the corresponding metal salt. Discard each spatula after use and clean up any spilled salt residue before distributing tubes to student fume hoods.

Using a clean spatula for each metal salt prevents cross-contamination between different metal compounds. Contamination could compromise test results and produce inaccurate flame colors. This practice ensures that each metal salt remains pure and produces reliable, distinct emission spectra during the flame test.

Each fume hood requires a Bunsen burner, striker, a rack of labeled metal salt test tubes, a spectrophotometer, a 400-mL beaker filled with deionized water, and six cotton-tipped applicators placed tip-down in the beaker. Confirm spectrophotometers are working and charged before distribution to ensure all groups can conduct measurements.

Place an appropriate waste container and a wash bottle of deionized water in the waste hood before the lab begins. These metals require special disposal procedures due to their chemical properties. Students should rinse contaminated materials with deionized water and deposit waste in the designated container rather than standard trash.

Cotton-tipped applicators are placed tip-down in beakers filled with deionized water at each fume hood. Students use these applicators to pick up small amounts of metal salt and introduce them into the flame for emission testing. The water keeps the applicator tips moist, facilitating salt pickup and ensuring consistent sample application.

The backup rack serves as a contingency if student groups run out of metal salts or if tubes become contaminated during the experiment. Having extra prepared materials ensures the lab can continue without interruption and allows students to repeat tests if needed for verification or troubleshooting.