-1::1
Simple Hit Counter
Skip to content

Products

Solutions

×
×
Sign In

CN

EN - EnglishCN - 简体中文DE - DeutschES - EspañolKR - 한국어IT - ItalianoFR - FrançaisPT - Português do BrasilPL - PolskiHE - עִבְרִיתRU - РусскийJA - 日本語TR - TürkçeAR - العربية
Sign In Start Free Trial

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal

Peer reviewed scientific video journal

Behavior
Biochemistry
Bioengineering
Biology
Cancer Research
Chemistry
Developmental Biology
View All
JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Video encyclopedia of advanced research methods

Biological Techniques
Biology
Cancer Research
Immunology
Neuroscience
Microbiology
JoVE Visualize

Visualizing science through experiment videos

EDUCATION

JoVE Core

Video textbooks for undergraduate courses

Analytical Chemistry
Anatomy and Physiology
Biology
Calculus
Cell Biology
Chemistry
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
View All
JoVE Science Education

Visual demonstrations of key scientific experiments

Advanced Biology
Basic Biology
Chemistry
View All
JoVE Lab Manual

Videos of experiments for undergraduate lab courses

Biology
Chemistry

BUSINESS

JoVE Business

Video textbooks for business education

Accounting
Finance
Macroeconomics
Marketing
Microeconomics

OTHERS

JoVE Quiz

Interactive video based quizzes for formative assessments

Authors

Teaching Faculty

Librarians

K12 Schools

Biopharma

Products

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal

Peer reviewed scientific video journal

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Video encyclopedia of advanced research methods

JoVE Visualize

Visualizing science through experiment videos

EDUCATION

JoVE Core

Video textbooks for undergraduates

JoVE Science Education

Visual demonstrations of key scientific experiments

JoVE Lab Manual

Videos of experiments for undergraduate lab courses

BUSINESS

JoVE Business

Video textbooks for business education

OTHERS

JoVE Quiz

Interactive video based quizzes for formative assessments

Solutions

Authors
Teaching Faculty
Librarians
K12 Schools
Biopharma

Language

zh_CN

EN

English

CN

简体中文

DE

Deutsch

ES

Español

KR

한국어

IT

Italiano

FR

Français

PT

Português do Brasil

PL

Polski

HE

עִבְרִית

RU

Русский

JA

日本語

TR

Türkçe

AR

العربية

    Menu

    JoVE Journal

    Behavior

    Biochemistry

    Bioengineering

    Biology

    Cancer Research

    Chemistry

    Developmental Biology

    Engineering

    Environment

    Genetics

    Immunology and Infection

    Medicine

    Neuroscience

    Menu

    JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

    Biological Techniques

    Biology

    Cancer Research

    Immunology

    Neuroscience

    Microbiology

    Menu

    JoVE Core

    Analytical Chemistry

    Anatomy and Physiology

    Biology

    Calculus

    Cell Biology

    Chemistry

    Civil Engineering

    Electrical Engineering

    Introduction to Psychology

    Mechanical Engineering

    Medical-Surgical Nursing

    View All

    Menu

    JoVE Science Education

    Advanced Biology

    Basic Biology

    Chemistry

    Clinical Skills

    Engineering

    Environmental Sciences

    Physics

    Psychology

    View All

    Menu

    JoVE Lab Manual

    Biology

    Chemistry

    Menu

    JoVE Business

    Accounting

    Finance

    Macroeconomics

    Marketing

    Microeconomics

Start Free Trial
Loading...
Home
JoVE Core
Chemistry
测量不确定度:阅读仪器
测量不确定度:阅读仪器
JoVE Core
Chemistry
A subscription to JoVE is required to view this content.  Sign in or start your free trial.
JoVE Core Chemistry
Uncertainty in Measurement: Reading Instruments

1.10: 测量不确定度:阅读仪器

54,299 Views
02:46 min
September 3, 2020
AI Banner

Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

计数是没有不确定性的测量类型,前提是要计算的对象数量在此过程中不发生变化。这样的测量会得出准确的数字。例如,通过对纸箱中的鸡蛋计数,可以准确确定纸箱中有多少个鸡蛋。同样的,所定义的数量的数字也是准确的。例如,1英尺精确为12英寸,1英寸精确为2.54厘米,1克精确为0.001千克。但是,由于所使用的测量过程的实际限制,因此无法确定除计数以外的其他测量方法得出的数量。

有效数字

每次测量都有一定的不确定性,这取决于所使用的设备(以及用户的能力)。例如,通过读取弯月面的底部来测量刻度量筒中的液体量。液体弯曲表面上的最低点。假设弯液面的底部在15到16标记之间;这意味着液体体积肯定大于15 毫升但小于16 毫升。弯液面似乎更接近16毫升标记,因此液体的合理估计应为16.6毫升。在此测量值中,数字1和6是确定的,但位于小数点后一位的最后一位6是估计值。有些人可能会估计弯月面位置与每个标记的距离相等,并将小数点后一位数字估计为5,而其他人可能认为它甚至更接近16 毫升标记并估计为7。此量筒上的刻度有1 毫升刻度;因此,体积可以精确到0.1 毫升。同样,标准电子天平的四分之一质量为5.74 克。数字5和7是确定的,数字4表示四分之一的质量可能在5.73到5.75克之间。四分之一重约5.74克,测量中的名义不确定度为 + 0.01克。如果将硬币放在更敏感的天平上称重,则质量可能为5.743克。这意味着它的质量在5.742至5.744克之间,不确定度为0.001克。

本文改编自 Openstax,化学2e,第1.5节:测量不确定度,准确性和精确度。

Transcript

根据规定的数量进行测量 或者对不同物体的直接计数 可以给出确切的数字。例如,一打香蕉就是正好 12 个香蕉。同样地,纸箱里的苹果也可以直接进行计数。然而,其他测量并不精确,并且由于测量过程的局限性而具有 与之相关的不确定性。比如一个参加 5 公里赛跑的赛跑者。评委们用一个简单的模拟手表 和一个数字手表来记录完成时间。模拟手表读取的完成时间 为 25 至 30 分钟,因此,评委们估计时间是 28 分钟。只有第一个数字"2"是确定的。最后一个数字"8"是 25 到 30 之间的估计值,因此是不确定的。另一方面,数字手表 的读数是 26.25 分钟,前三位数字 是完全确定的。完成时间可能在 26.24 到 26.26 分钟之间,但肯定不是 28 分钟。在实验室环境中,数字天平 可显示多达六位数的读数。读数为 10.1241 克表示 前 5 位数字是确定的,但最后一位数字是不确定的。但是,数字仪表上 显示的所有数字都要进行报告。相反,在读取模拟仪表时,最后一个数字必须进行估计。一个 50 毫升刻度的量筒可能 每一毫升都有标记。测量读数取决于估算 弯月面处的液体体积,弯月面 是量筒内液体曲面上的 最低点。如果弯月面位于 42 和 43 的标记之间,则液体量大于 42 毫升 但小于 43 毫升。测量值应在两个标记之间进行 估计;因此,体积的读数应 精确到 0.1 毫升。在这种情况下,弯月面更接近 43 毫升 的标记,因此这个数字可以报告为 42.8。另一个人可以估计体积为 42.7 或 42.9 因为最后一个数字不确定,但是测量值 应始终报告到最后一个不确定数字。

Key Terms and Definitions

  • Counting – A measurement type free from uncertainty if objects number stays unchanged.
  • Significant Figures – All the digits that carry meaningful information about the precision.
  • Graduated Cylinder – A device used to accurately measure volumes of liquids.
  • Exact Numbers – Measurements resulting in precise numbers, without uncertainty.
  • Uncertainty – Inexactness that comes with all measurements beyond counting.

Learning Objectives

  • Define Uncertainty – Explain what it is (e.g., uncertainty)
  • Contrast Counting vs Non-counting Measurements - Discuss key differences (e.g., counting vs estimating)
  • Explore Measurement Examples – Describe scenarios where uncertainty exists (e.g., using a graduated cylinder)
  • Explain the Concept of Significant Figures – Briefly explain what significant figures are and their usage in measurement.
  • Apply in Practical Context – Discuss how understanding uncertainty benefits us in real-world situations.

Questions that this video will help you answer

  • What uncertainty means in chemistry and how it affects measurements?
  • What is the difference between counting and non-counting measurements?
  • What are significant figures and what role do they play in measurement?

This video is also useful for

  • Students – Understand how understanding uncertainty improves analytical and problem-solving skills.
  • Educators – Provides the basis on which to teach measurement and precision.
  • Researchers – Essential knowledge for accurate data collection and interpretation.
  • Chemists – In-depth understanding of measurement uncertainty aids in improving accuracy and precision of measurements.

Explore More Videos

不确定度 测量 读数仪器 精确数字 直接计数 限制 模拟手表 数字手表 估计 某个数字 不确定数字 实验室设置 数字天平 六位数字 报告 模拟仪器 刻度筒 体积估计

Related Videos

科学定律与理论

科学定律与理论

Introduction: Matter and Measurement

89.7K 浏览

科学方法

科学方法

Introduction: Matter and Measurement

69.2K 浏览

将物质按状态分类

将物质按状态分类

Introduction: Matter and Measurement

105.2K 浏览

将物质按成分分类

将物质按成分分类

Introduction: Matter and Measurement

91.9K 浏览

物质的物理与化学性质

物质的物理与化学性质

Introduction: Matter and Measurement

167.9K 浏览

什么是能量?

什么是能量?

Introduction: Matter and Measurement

59.8K 浏览

测量:标准单位

测量:标准单位

Introduction: Matter and Measurement

82.8K 浏览

测量:衍生单位

测量:衍生单位

Introduction: Matter and Measurement

56.3K 浏览

测量的不确定度:准确性和精确度

测量的不确定度:准确性和精确度

Introduction: Matter and Measurement

107.7K 浏览

测量不确定度:有效数字

测量不确定度:有效数字

Introduction: Matter and Measurement

84.5K 浏览

量纲分析

量纲分析

Introduction: Matter and Measurement

65.4K 浏览

JoVE logo
Contact Us Recommend to Library
Research
  • JoVE Journal
  • JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments
  • JoVE Visualize
Business
  • JoVE Business
Education
  • JoVE Core
  • JoVE Science Education
  • JoVE Lab Manual
  • JoVE Quizzes
Solutions
  • Authors
  • Teaching Faculty
  • Librarians
  • K12 Schools
  • Biopharma
About JoVE
  • Overview
  • Leadership
Others
  • JoVE Newsletters
  • JoVE Help Center
  • Blogs
  • JoVE Newsroom
  • Site Maps
Contact Us Recommend to Library
JoVE logo

Copyright © 2026 MyJoVE Corporation. All rights reserved

Privacy Terms of Use Policies
WeChat QR code