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JoVE Core
Organic Chemistry
炔烃生成羧酸:氧化裂解
炔烃生成羧酸:氧化裂解
JoVE Core
Organic Chemistry
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JoVE Core Organic Chemistry
Alkynes to Carboxylic Acids: Oxidative Cleavage

9.10: 炔烃生成羧酸:氧化裂解

5,946 Views
02:01 min
April 30, 2023
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

炔烃在高锰酸钾和臭氧等氧化剂存在下会发生氧化裂解。 三键-一个 σ 键和两个 π 键-完全断裂,炔烃被氧化成羧酸。 当使用温热的碱性高锰酸钾水溶液作为氧化剂时,炔烃首先通过不稳定的 α-二酮中间体转化为羧酸盐。 此外,弱酸处理使羧酸根阴离子质子化,产生游离羧酸分子。 当炔烃进行臭氧化反应时,会形成臭氧化物中间体,然后通过水解氧化裂解产生羧酸。

内部炔烃的氧化裂解仅产生羧酸,而末端炔烃除了酸之外还产生二氧化碳,无论使用何种氧化剂。 因此,氧化裂解可用于定位未知炔烃中的三键。 产物中的羰基是确定反应物中氧化断裂三键位置的关键:如果已知酸的身份,就可以推断出未知炔烃的结构。

Transcript

炔烃的三键可以通过使用氧化试剂(如高锰酸钾或臭氧)完全裂解,从而产生羧酸。

炔烃在温碱性高锰酸钾水溶液存在下生成羧酸盐。盐是通过炔烃通过不稳定的 α-二酮中间体的氧化裂解形成的。

此外,弱酸处理使阴离子质子化以生成游离羧酸。

当炔烃进行臭氧分解时,它会生成中间臭氧,然后通过水解裂解产生羧酸。

无论选择哪种试剂,内部炔烃都会被氧化裂解,仅产生羧酸。相比之下,末端炔烃会与酸一起产生二氧化碳。

末端炔烃被氧化裂解,得到羧酸盐和甲酸盐阴离子。然后甲酸盐氧化成碳酸盐,然后质子化成酸,然后释放出二氧化碳。

氧化裂解有助于定位未知炔烃中的三键。

产物中的羰基是确定裂解三键在反应物中位置的关键。因此,如果知道酸的身份,就可以推断出未知炔烃的结构。

当使用温碱性高锰酸钾水溶液测试未知样品中是否存在不饱和度时,氧化裂解的有用性变得明显。

为了证明,如果样品中含有炔烃,则氧化试剂的紫色在氧化裂解炔烃时会脱色,随后形成棕色的二氧化锰沉淀。

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炔烃 羧酸 氧化裂解 氧化试剂 高锰酸钾 臭氧 三键 945 -二酮中间体 羧酸盐 臭氧分解 臭氧化物中间体 水解 二氧化碳 未知炔烃 羰基

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