1.9: 通过实验收集数据

Data Collection by Experiments
JoVE Core
Statistics
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JoVE Core Statistics
Data Collection by Experiments

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01:13 min
April 30, 2023

Overview

Data collection is a systematic method of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information. An experimental study is a standard method of data collection that involves the manipulation of the samples by applying some form of treatment prior to data collection. It refers to manipulating one variable to determine its changes on another variable. The sample subjected to treatment is known as “experimental units.”

An example of the experimental method is a public clinical trial of a drug. For instance, to test the efficacy of a new drug effective in treating blood pressure, one needs to perform an experimental data collection. The new drug is given to a small number of randomly selected volunteers who suffer from chronic high blood pressure. One group of subjects is treated with specific doses of drugs or treatment methods, and a control group may be given a placebo. The subjects are monitored for a few weeks. The symptoms of disease treatment and after-effects of the drug are observed, and the data is collected. As this process involves modifying the subjects, it is categorized under the experimental method.

Another example is studying the effect of a particular fertilizer on the plant's growth. For this purpose, a few plants are taken and subjected to treatment with the new fertilizer. The growth of the plants is monitored daily for a few weeks, and the data is collected.

Transcript

有几种方法可以从样本中收集数据并将数据外推到整个总体。

实验研究是一种常见的数据收集方法。在这里,通过在收集数据之前应用某种形式的处理来纵样本。

假设研究人员想知道阳光对植物生长的影响。

在这个实验中,一组植物暴露在阳光下,另一组被放在黑暗中。一个月后,记录植物的高度,并得出一个推论——植物生长是否需要阳光。因此,在实验中,在收集数据之前对样本进行作。

临床试验是通过实验收集数据的典型例子。在药物或治疗方法发布供公众使用之前,会在少数随机选择的志愿者群体中测试其疗效。

在这里,一组受试者接受特定剂量的药物或治疗方法治疗,对照组可以接受安慰剂。然后,评估对疾病症状的影响。

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