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调和平均值
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调和平均值
JoVE Core
Statistics
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JoVE Core Statistics
Harmonic Mean

3.4: 调和平均值

3,889 Views
01:09 min
April 30, 2023
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

算术平均值通常会偏向于数据集中较大的数值。因此,使用调和平均值能够避免这种对较小的数值所产生的固有偏差。

以汽车的速度为例,它是对行驶距离的一种测量方式。如果汽车来回行驶相同的距离,那么它的平均速度就等于总行驶距离除以总耗时。但是,如果汽车以不同的速度行驶,那么其算术平均值就会更偏向于较大的数值。因此,首先要计算出其速度倒数的算术平均值。然后,确定这个值的倒数,并将其称为初始值的调和平均值。

在计算调和平均值时,无需考虑数值为零的物理量,因为除以零的结果是不存在的。

由此可以证明,含有不同正值数据集的调和平均值总是小于其几何平均值,而几何平均值又小于其算术平均值。

Transcript

调和均值是三种毕达哥拉斯均值之一。它是通过取倒数的算术平均值的倒数来计算的。

调和平均值用于计算比率或比率的平均值,例如车辆的速度,或在业务中用于找出公司的市盈率。

考虑一辆汽车以每小时 30 英里的速度从 A 点移动到 B 点。然后以每小时 70 英里的速度到达 C 点,最后以每小时 80 英里的速度返回 A 点。

上述旅程中速度的算术平均值为每小时 60 英里,该值偏向于较大的值。相反,调和均值通过为较小的值赋予更多的权重来避免数据中的这种偏差。

首先取给定值的倒数。然后计算它们的算术平均值。最后,取这个算术平均值的倒数来得到调和平均值。

请注意,如果任何数据值为零,则不应使用调和平均值。

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Harmonic Mean Arithmetic Mean 速度 距离 时间 倒数 几何平均值 物理量 零值

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