1.8: 通过观察收集数据

Data Collection by Observations
JoVE Core
Statistics
A subscription to JoVE is required to view this content.  Sign in or start your free trial.
JoVE Core Statistics
Data Collection by Observations

12,086 Views

01:08 min
April 30, 2023

Overview

Data collection refers to a systematic way of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information. Observational studies are one of the most widely used methods of data collection. It involves collecting data by observing the behavior and physical characteristics of a sample without making any modifications to the sample.

An astronomer viewing the motion and brightness of stars in the sky and recording the data is an example of observational data collection. A botanist recording the data of daily plant growth also falls into the category of observational data collection. In both cases, no external modification is made to the sample in the process of data collection. Similarly, conducting a survey of the population of a country in a year requires the collection of data using the observational method.

The main advantage of this method is that samples are collected from the subjects’ natural environment. Also, the method is a direct method; that is, it does not require any modifications. Most often, the non-verbal cues, behavior, or patterns are used to draw observations to provide insight into the subjects in their natural environment.  However, the observational method provides no control sample, which might provide data in the absence of the observer.

Transcript

在统计分析中,总体特征是根据从样本中收集的数据确定的。

观察性研究是最常见的数据收集方法之一。在这里,观察样品,并在不修改样品的情况下测量特定特性。

假设人们想知道一天内有多少架飞机降落在机场。要找出答案,请计算一下降落在机场的飞机数量。这项研究没有干扰或纵飞机或机场。

另一个例子是对参与者进行长时间随访的队列研究。例如,护士健康调查 (Nurses’ Health Survey) 在 40 年里研究了超过 280,000 名参与者。

这项研究没有干扰参与者的生活方式或工作,但对他们的健康和工作时间表进行了几项重要观察,例如肥胖参与者患某些癌症类型的风险增加,以及深夜工作时间表与患某些慢性疾病的可能性之间的联系。

Key Terms and definitions​

Learning Objectives

Questions that this video will help you answer

This video is also useful for