A bar graph is also called a bar chart and consists of bars that are separated from each other. It either uses horizontal or vertical bars to show comparisons among categories. The bars can be rectangles, or they can be rectangular boxes (used in three-dimensional plots). One axis of the graph represents the specific categories being compared, and the other axis shows a discrete value. In this graph, the length of the bar for each category is proportional to the number or percent of individuals in each category. Some bar charts show bars clustered in groups of more than one (grouped bar graphs), and others depict the bars divided into subparts to show cumulative effect (stacked bar graphs). A bar graph is a better choice than a line graph or histogram because this data is categorical rather than continuous. Also, it is appropriate to compare the relative size of the categories. It is to be noted that the bar graphs that are organized from highest to lowest are called Pareto charts.
回想一下,定性数据表示非数值变量,例如不同的头发颜色、车辆类型或大学提供的各种课程。
例如,考虑一个频率表,其中包含每门课程(统计学、生物学、物理学和化学)的注册学生人数。
此类定性数据可以使用条形图直观地表示。
定性数据的类别(提供的不同课程)沿横轴表示,频率或学生人数沿纵轴表示。
然后,绘制连接类别和相应学生数量的等宽条形。这些条形的高度表示不同类别的频率。
第一个条形表示有 5 名学生注册了 Statistics,第二个条形表示 3 名学生注册了 Biology,依此类推。放置这些条形图时,它们之间可以有间隙或不有间隙。
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