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Organic Chemistry
芳香族化合物的核磁共振波谱分析
芳香族化合物的核磁共振波谱分析
JoVE Core
Organic Chemistry
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JoVE Core Organic Chemistry
NMR Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds

17.12: 芳香族化合物的核磁共振波谱分析

5,502 Views
01:14 min
May 22, 2025
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

芳香族化合物可以使用质子核磁共振和碳13核磁共振进行鉴定或分析。 通常,芳族氢或直接键合至芳环的氢被芳环电流强烈去屏蔽。 因此,它们在质子核磁共振光谱中的吸收范围为 6.5–8.0 ppm。 例如,直接与苯环键合的芳香族氢在 7.3 ppm 处吸收。 然而,较大环的芳香氢在比理想范围更远的高场或低场处吸收。 考虑[18]轮烯,它有 12 个外部氢和 6 个内部氢。

12 个外部氢被芳香环电流高度去屏蔽,并以 9.3 ppm 的频率吸收低场。 另一方面,6个内部氢受到芳环电流的高度屏蔽,并在-3.0 ppm的低频处吸收高场。

在碳 13 核磁共振谱中,芳香碳的吸收范围为 110–150 ppm。 例如,苯环的芳香碳在 128 ppm 处吸收。

Transcript

1H 和 13C NMR 波谱对于识别芳香族化合物非常有帮助。

通常,芳香氢被芳香环流高度解屏蔽。

因此,它们在 6.5–8 ppm 范围内表现出特征性的 1H NMR 吸收。

例如,苯的芳香氢吸收率为 7.3 ppm。

然而,大环的芳香氢吸收得更远。

考虑 [18]annulene。它在环外有 12 个氢,这些氢被芳香环流高度解屏蔽。环内的 6 个氢是高度屏蔽的。

因此,外部氢以高频吸收到下场。内部的氢以低频率吸收上场。

芳香烃在 110–150 ppm 范围内表现出 13 C NMR 吸收。

例如,苯的芳香烃的吸收率为 128 ppm。

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核磁共振波谱 芳香族化合物 质子核磁共振 碳 13 核磁共振 芳烃氢 去屏蔽 苯环 上场吸收 下场吸收 环烯 芳烃

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