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JoVE Core
Organic Chemistry
阳离子链增长聚合:机理
阳离子链增长聚合:机理
JoVE Core
Organic Chemistry
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JoVE Core Organic Chemistry
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

21.13: 阳离子链增长聚合:机理

2,594 Views
00:57 min
April 30, 2023
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

阳离子聚合机理包括三个步骤:引发、增长和终止。 在聚合过程的引发步骤中,单体的π键被路易斯酸催化剂质子化,该催化剂由三氟化硼和水形成。 π键的质子化产生由给电子基团稳定的碳正离子。 在增长步骤中,第二单体的π键充当亲核试剂并攻击生成的碳阳离子,从而产生充当新碳阳离子的二聚体。 增长步骤不断重复并构建聚合物链。 在终止步骤中,通过添加使碳阳离子去质子并形成新的 π 键的碱基或通过亲核试剂攻击碳阳离子(其中亲核试剂添加到链的阳离子末端)来终止增长链。

Transcript

阳离子聚合机制包括引发、传播和终止步骤。

在引发步骤中,由三氟化硼和水形成的路易斯酸催化剂使单体的π键质子化,产生由供电子基团稳定的碳阳离子。

在传播步骤中,产生的碳阳离子受到第二个单体的π键的攻击,形成一个二聚体,充当新的碳阳离子。

传播步骤会重复进行,并使聚合物链能够生长。

在终止步骤中,通过添加使碳阳离子去质子化的碱基来终止生长的聚合物链,形成新的π键。

或者,也可以使用攻击碳阳离子的亲核试剂。

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阳离子聚合 引发 传播 终止 路易斯酸催化剂 三氟化硼 碳化 供电子基团 亲核试剂 聚合物链

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