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JoVE Core
Nursing
影响疾病的因素
Video Quiz
影响疾病的因素
JoVE Core
Nursing
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JoVE Core Nursing
Factors Affecting Illness

2.3: 影响疾病的因素

5,537 Views
01:18 min
December 28, 2023
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

当一个人的身体、情感、智力、社交发展或精神功能受损时,这种偏离健康正常状态的情况称为疾病。疾病会造成个人的压力,伴随着愤怒、拒绝、绝望和恐惧等行为和情感变化。许多因素影响一个人的健康和幸福感。

例如,风险因素与疾病、残疾、甚至死亡相关。以下是一些代表性风险因素:

  • 行为风险因素主要与个体采取的“行动”相关。可以通过改变生活方式或行为来进行调整或消除。行为风险因素的例子包括缺乏体育锻炼、营养不良、吸烟和过度饮酒。
  • 生理风险因素与个人的身体或生物学有关。这些可能受到遗传、生活方式和其他因素的影响。例子包括超重、高胆固醇或高血压。
  • 人口统计风险因素与整体人口特征有关,如年龄、性别和特定人群。
  • 环境风险因素是外部因素,包括影响个人健康的物理、化学、生物或职业因素。例如接触重金属和石棉纤维等污染物。
  • 遗传风险因素由个人的基因决定。一些疾病,如囊性纤维化和肌萎缩性侧索硬化,完全由遗传因素引起。其他疾病,如哮喘或糖尿病,则是由个人的基因和环境因素共同作用的结果。

Transcript

疾病是基于个人感知的身体或精神上对正常健康状况的偏差。它可能与疾病状况有关,也可能无关。

疾病的危险因素被认为是可改变的或不可改变的。在大多数情况下,我们发现可修改的因素会导致不可修改的风险。

让我们以吸烟为例。吸烟是一个可改变的风险因素,反复使用香烟可能导致肺癌——一种不可改变的风险。

许多风险因素会增加患病的可能性。年龄就是这样一个风险因素,尤其是在学龄儿童和老年人中。

遗传因素也被认为是癌症和糖尿病等疾病的危险因素。

肥胖等生理因素会增加患心脏病的可能性。

吸烟或营养不良等生活习惯可能会导致许多健康问题。

其他因素,例如接触有害物质或压力的工作环境,也可能导致疾病。

Explore More Videos

疾病 健康 风险因素 行为风险因素 生理风险因素 人口风险因素 环境风险因素 遗传风险因素 生活方式改变 压力 情绪变化 幸福感

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