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Nursing
用于测量血压的设备
用于测量血压的设备
JoVE Core
Nursing
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JoVE Core Nursing
Equipments Used To Measure Blood Pressure

14.5: 用于测量血压的设备

2,741 Views
01:30 min
June 20, 2024
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

直接法

这种侵入性方法涉及对外周动脉进行插管。在每次心脏收缩期间,压力在导管内产生机械运动,通过刚性的、充满液体的管道传输到传感器。该传感器将机械运动转换为电信号,并在监视器上显示为波形。自动冲洗系统可防止血液回流。由于存在意外动脉失血的潜在风险,该方法主要用于重症监护环境。定期校准和维护传感器以确保读数准确至关重要。

间接方法:

间接测量方法是非侵入性的,使用血压计、多普勒超声设备和听诊器等设备。

水银血压计

该装置由充气袖带、水银压力计、灯泡和阀门组成。将袖带充气至高于预期收缩压的压力以测量血压。然后在聆听柯氏音的同时缓慢释放压力。这些声音第一次出现时即可识别出收缩压,当声音消失时即可识别出舒张压。

手动无液血压计

它包括袖带、灯泡、阀门和压力计。该设备需要正确的袖带尺寸才能获得准确的读数。袖带应比上臂直径宽百分之二十或手臂周长的百分之四十,并应覆盖手臂长度的三分之二。它包括两根管子:一根连接到压力计,另一根连接到充气灯泡。压力计装在玻璃中,以毫米汞柱显示压力,使用前应校准为零。无液血压计需要每两年进行一次校准检查并定期维护放气阀。

自动血压计

这些监测仪使用示波法或听诊法自动测量血压,无需人工干预。他们检测动脉壁压力,并将其转换为数字读数。这些设备有助于在各种医疗机构中进行定期血压监测。

多普勒超声仪

该装置发射高频声波,反射循环血细胞,产生声音信号。它在脉搏声音受损的情况下特别有用,例如心力衰竭或冠状动脉疾病患者。多普勒增强并以声音方式表示这些信号,有助于在复杂条件下进行准确测量。

Transcript

有两种方法可以确定血压。

直接方法为侵入性,需要外周动脉插管。

间接方法是非侵入性的,需要特定的设备,例如水银血压计、无液血压计、电子血压监测仪或多普勒超声设备。

汞血压计有一个手动充气袖带,连接到注入汞的柱上。许多国家都禁止使用这种设备,因为汞是一种有毒物质。

手动无液血压计有一个灯泡、阀门、压力计、布或一次性乙烯基压缩袖带,并有一个充气气囊。

袖带内的膀胱上连接着两根管子。一个连接到压力计,另一个连接到膀胱充气灯泡。

压力计有一个玻璃封闭的圆形仪表,里面有一个针头。它表示施加在袖带上的气压,单位为毫米汞柱或 mmHg。

电子或自动血压监测仪感应动脉内的血流压力,记录压力读数,并以数字显示。

多普勒超声装置包含一个超声探头,并与血压袖带配合使用。它放大微弱的脉搏声来测量血压。

Explore More Videos

血压测量 有创方法 无创方法 换能器 插管 血压计 水银血压计 手动无液血压计 自动血压计 振荡法 多普勒超声设备 科罗特科夫声音 校准 重症监护设置

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