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JoVE Core
Cell Biology
弹性蛋白负责组织弹性
弹性蛋白负责组织弹性
JoVE Core
Cell Biology
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JoVE Core Cell Biology
Elastin is Responsible for Tissue Elasticity

27.5: 弹性蛋白负责组织弹性

3,227 Views
01:12 min
April 30, 2023
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

弹性纤维含有弹性蛋白以及少量的其他蛋白质和糖蛋白。弹性蛋白的主要特性是在被拉伸或压缩后会恢复到原来的形状。弹性纤维在皮肤弹性组织和脊柱弹性韧带中尤为突出。

韧带和肌腱由致密的规则结缔组织组成,但韧带中并非所有纤维都是平行的。致密的规则弹性组织含有弹性蛋白纤维和胶原纤维,使韧带在拉伸后能够恢复到原来的长度。声带内和脊柱内椎骨之间的韧带是有弹性的。致密的不规则弹性组织赋予动脉壁强度和拉伸后恢复原状的能力。

虽然老年人容易患肌腱炎,因为肌腱组织的弹性随着年龄的增长而降低,但所有年龄段的人士都可能患肌腱炎。年轻运动员、舞蹈家和计算机操作员; 任何经常进行相同动作的人都有患肌腱炎的风险。

弹性软骨含有弹性纤维以及胶原蛋白和蛋白聚糖。这种组织既提供刚性支撑又具有弹性。轻轻拉动您的耳垂,注意耳垂会恢复到原来的形状。外耳含有弹性软骨。

Transcript

皮肤、肺和血管等组织必须坚固且有弹性才能正常工作。组织的弹性特性归功于其细胞外基质中存在的弹性纤维。

这些纤维中的每一种都由组装在微纤维上的原弹性蛋白聚集体组成。

原弹性蛋白是弹性蛋白分子的前体,由交替的疏水和交联结构域组成。

疏水基序覆盖了总蛋白质的 80% 以上,允许弹性蛋白在需要时自缔合、拉伸和反冲。交联结构域允许在相邻的原弹性蛋白分子之间形成交联。

这些结构特征共同使纤维的拉伸能力比类似横截面的橡皮筋高出五倍以上。

随着弹性蛋白纤维的成熟,弹性蛋白聚集体形成一个被微原纤维包围的无定形核心。这些弹性蛋白结构特征赋予了显着的组织弹性。

Explore More Videos

弹性蛋白 组织弹性 弹性纤维 结缔组织 韧带 肌腱 致密的规则弹性组织 声带 椎柱 肌腱炎 弹性软骨 胶原纤维 蛋白聚糖 衰老对弹性的影响

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