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JoVE Core
Cell Biology
纤连蛋白通过 ECM 连接细胞
纤连蛋白通过 ECM 连接细胞
JoVE Core
Cell Biology
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JoVE Core Cell Biology
Fibronectins Connect Cells with ECM

27.6: 纤连蛋白通过 ECM 连接细胞

3,441 Views
01:25 min
April 30, 2023
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

纤连蛋白是一种存在于胚胎和成体组织的细胞外基质中的粘附糖蛋白。这些分子主要有助于调节细胞运动和附着。纤连蛋白分子由两条相同的多肽链组成,它们通过 C 端的一对二硫键相互连接。

蛋白聚糖和胶原蛋白都附着在纤连蛋白上,而纤连蛋白又附着在整合素蛋白上。这些整合素蛋白与缺乏细胞壁的真核细胞质膜中的跨膜蛋白相互作用。除了与整合素结合外,纤连蛋白还对其他宿主和非宿主分子具有亲和力。

脊椎动物有两种类型的纤连蛋白。一种是肝细胞产生的可溶性血浆纤连蛋白,存在于血液中;另一种是存在于细胞外基质中的不溶性细胞纤连蛋白。

纤连蛋白分子在血液凝固中也发挥着重要作用,因为血浆纤连蛋白也会与纤维蛋白一起沉积在受伤部位以止血。血浆纤连蛋白随后被成纤维细胞分泌的蛋白酶消化。此外,成纤维细胞产生的纤连蛋白是不溶性的,并形成不溶性基质。

Transcript

纤连蛋白是存在于细胞外基质中的粘附性糖蛋白。它们的主要作用是将细胞与基质连接起来。

纤连蛋白由两个大亚基组成,这两个亚基在其 C 端通过一对二硫键连接,形成二聚体。这两个亚基都包含各种重复结构域,这些结构域可以与胶原纤维、蛋白聚糖肝素和整合素(细胞粘附受体)结合。通过这种方式,纤连蛋白将细胞与基质成分连接起来。

与整合素的结合在很大程度上受到精氨酸、甘氨酸和天冬氨酸残基或 RGD 重复序列的影响,如 III 型结构域(纤连蛋白中的主要重复结构域之一)所示。

一旦与纤连蛋白结合,整合素就可以与肌动蛋白丝结合,在细胞外成分和细胞骨架之间形成桥梁。这种结合传递张力,拉伸纤连蛋白并暴露其隐蔽的结合位点,然后多个纤连蛋白二聚体可以结合,形成纤连蛋白原纤维。

这些纤连蛋白原纤维有助于表皮细胞迁移和增殖,促进伤口愈合等各种生物过程。

Explore More Videos

纤连蛋白 细胞外基质 粘附糖蛋白 细胞运动 细胞粘附 多肽链 二硫键 蛋白多糖 胶原蛋白 整合素蛋白 质膜 可溶性血浆纤连蛋白 细胞纤连蛋白 血液凝固 成纤维细胞

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