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JoVE Core
Cell Biology
IV 型基底层胶原蛋白
IV 型基底层胶原蛋白
JoVE Core
Cell Biology
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JoVE Core Cell Biology
Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina

27.11: IV 型基底层胶原蛋白

2,600 Views
01:05 min
April 30, 2023
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

IV 型胶原蛋白是一种 400 nm 长的网状胶原蛋白,充当上皮细胞和内皮细胞之间的屏障。IV 型胶原蛋白通过与层粘连蛋白、内肌动蛋白、蛋白聚糖和纤连蛋白的支架形成基底膜的主干。除了为基底膜提供结构支撑外,它还有助于实现病理和生理功能所必需的信号传导电位。

IV 型胶原蛋白分子有六条 α 链,它们可以以至少三种异源三聚体三螺旋构型存在,即 [α1(IV)]2α2(IV)、[α3(IV)]2α4(IV) 和 [α5(IV)]2α6(IV)。α 链由一个富含半胱氨酸的 N 末端 S 结构域、一个具有 Gly-X-Y 重复序列的长三螺旋结构域和一个包含约 230 个氨基酸的球状 C 末端结构域组成。这些胶原纤维可以通过头对头相互作用形成二聚体,也可以通过尾对尾相互作用形成四聚体。

负责编码 IV 型胶原蛋白的基因(如 COL4A5)突变可导致 Alport 综合征。在这种综合征中,肾小球基底膜变薄并最终形成裂隙。这种疾病的特点是肾脏问题、听力损失和眼睛异常。胶原蛋白 IV 在肝脏中过度沉积可能导致肝纤维化和肝硬化。肝细胞的炎症激活 Kupffer 细胞释放纤维化介质,最终导致细胞外基质蛋白的分泌增加。

Transcript

IV 型胶原蛋白是非原纤维或形成网络的胶原蛋白,主要存在于基底层中。

典型的 IV 型胶原蛋白是一种 400 nm 长的三螺旋结构,被几个非螺旋区域打断,增加了分子的柔韧性。

在 N 端,它有一个小的球状结构域,而一个大的球状结构域存在于 C 端。

通过这些末端球状结构域,胶原纤维可以通过头对头相互作用形成二聚体而相互结合;尾对尾相互作用形成四聚体。纤维还通过三螺旋区域之间的横向相互作用结合。

这种复杂的关联可以形成一个二维的不规则网络,为基底层提供抗拉强度。

该网络进一步与层粘连蛋白晶格和其他糖蛋白(如 perlecan 和 entactin)连接,以构建完整的基底层。

Explore More Videos

IV 型胶原蛋白 基底层 基底膜 网络形成胶原蛋白 α 链 异源三聚体构型 COL4A5 Alport 综合征 肾脏问题 肝纤维化 肝硬化 细胞外基质蛋白 信号电位 结构支持

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