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Cell Biology
Bulge 干细胞的多能性和生态位
Bulge 干细胞的多能性和生态位
JoVE Core
Cell Biology
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JoVE Core Cell Biology
Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell

39.8: Bulge 干细胞的多能性和生态位

3,966 Views
01:06 min
April 30, 2023
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

毛囊或 HF 是产生毛干的皮肤的一小部分。Paul Gerson Unna 是第一个观察到人类毛囊外根鞘 (ORS) 隆起的人。隆起存在于皮脂腺和竖毛肌之间,是毛囊干细胞 (HFSC) 的生态位。凸起也是黑色素细胞干细胞的生态位,它们的丢失会导致头发变白。HFSC 表达 Sox9 和 Lhx2,这有助于它们保持干性并防止分化。如果 Sox9 受到抑制,细胞开始分化。

HF 经历三个周期期:生长期或生长期、过渡期或退行期以及静息期或休止期。在生长期,HFSC 和头发生殖细胞被激活。毛发生殖细胞增殖,形成 ORS,并向上移动,分化成毛囊细胞,头发长出。在退行期,头发生殖细胞发生凋亡,头发停止生长,只有凸起的干细胞存活。休止期是 HFSC 经历静止并且头发停留在毛囊中的静止期。

使用标记保留技术鉴定成体干细胞,其中细胞的 DNA 用溴脱氧尿嘧啶 (BrdU) 或氚化胸苷 (3 H-T) 标记。分裂非常缓慢的细胞包含标记,而快速增殖的细胞不保留标记。标记的慢循环细胞称为标记保留细胞 (LRC)。凸起干细胞是 LRC。

Transcript

头发通过皮肤下的管状结构(称为毛囊)生长。凸起是毛囊的一小部分,是毛囊干细胞或 HFSC 的生态位。

HFSC 可以分化成大多数皮肤上皮细胞,包括角质形成细胞和毛囊细胞。这些干细胞使毛囊不断再生,还可以帮助修复上皮伤口。

在毛囊生长期开始时,少量休眠的 HFSC 被一组间充质细胞(称为真皮)激活。然后,这些激活的 HFSC 最终分化为毛干和其他毛囊细胞。

隆起的下部包含黑色素细胞干细胞,这些干细胞与 HFSC 一起被激活。这些干细胞增殖并分化成黑色素细胞,产生黑色素——黑色素是自然为头发和皮肤着色的色素。

Explore More Videos

凸起干细胞 毛囊 HFSC 黑色素细胞干细胞 Sox9 LHX2 分化 生长期 退行期 休止期 标记保留技术 溴脱氧尿嘧啶 氚化胸苷 标记保留细胞 (LRC) 头发生殖细胞

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