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JoVE Core
Cell Biology
表皮干细胞的临床应用
表皮干细胞的临床应用
JoVE Core
Cell Biology
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JoVE Core Cell Biology
Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

39.9: 表皮干细胞的临床应用

3,321 Views
01:19 min
April 30, 2023
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

表皮干细胞(EpiSCs)主要位于表皮的基底层。这些细胞能够修复皮肤的轻微损伤并替换死皮细胞。然而,EpiSCs 无法治愈严重烧伤、糖尿病或遗传性疾病等严重伤口。在这种情况下,培养患者的表皮干细胞是可行的,并且已经产生了成功的治疗方案,例如实验室培养的皮肤移植。这些移植物是使用患者自己的 EpiSCs 合成的,这些干细胞取自未受影响的皮肤组织。这些移植物被称为培养表皮自体移植物(CEA),三十多年来一直用于治疗严重烧伤伤口,并挽救了许多生命。

使用自体移植物或自体皮肤移植物存在一些风险。例如,从未受影响的区域取皮肤本身就会产生新的伤口。这种继发性伤口以及原发性烧伤伤口的愈合增加了治疗的挑战。对于此类患者,会使用同种异体移植物,即来自另一个人的健康皮肤组织,作为伤口愈合的移植物。尽管同种异体移植物在几周内就会被受体患者产生免疫排斥,但它们可以通过诱导皮肤组织的内源性再生来帮助伤口愈合。

当伤口愈合时,它也可能形成疤痕——伤口闭合后留下的痕迹。疤痕比正常皮肤厚并且缺乏汗腺。大疤痕,尤其是关节周围的疤痕,可能会限制身体部位的运动。因此,疤痕是伤口愈合期间的不良事件。然而,使用 EpiSCs 可以最大限度地降低疤痕形成的风险。这可以通过使用 EpiSC 衍生的外泌体来实现。外泌体是含有蛋白质或 RNA 等生物分子的细胞外囊泡。在啮齿动物中,EpiSC 衍生的外泌体已被证明可以将 microRNA 转运到受伤部位,促进伤口愈合并防止疤痕形成。

Transcript

表皮干细胞或 EpiSCs 是多能干细胞,可分裂和分化成新的皮肤细胞。

天然 EpiSCs 维持皮肤稳态并修复皮肤损伤。然而,这些 EpiSCs 不能自然修复严重损伤,例如三度烧伤、糖尿病溃疡和一些血管疾病造成的损伤。

对于此类严重伤口,医生可以在专门的生物材料上将 EpiSC 与患者的完整皮肤组织一起培养,以形成培养的表皮自体移植物或 CEA。CEA 放置在伤口上,移植物中的 EpiSC 促进伤口修复和闭合。

由于 EpiSC 来源于患者自己的身体,因此免疫排斥的机会会降低。它们还可以防止愈合过程中形成疤痕。

动物模型研究表明,EpiSCs 可以再生其他上皮细胞,例如眼睛最外层的角膜。因此,正在进行的研究表明 EpiSCs 治疗其他类型上皮损伤的潜力。

Key Terms and Definitions

  • Epidermal Stem Cells (EpiSCs) - Cells at the basal layer of the epidermis that replace dead skin cells and heal minor injuries.
  • Cultured Epidermal Autografts (CEA) - Grafts made from a patient's EpiSCs used to treat serious burns and injuries.
  • Autografts - Skin grafts from the patient's own body, used in wound healing.
  • Allografts - Skin grafts from another person, used temporarily in wound healing.
  • Exosomes - Extracellular vesicles containing biomolecules, used in wound healing and scar prevention.

Learning Objectives

  • Define Epidermal Stem Cells (EpiSCs) – Identify its role in skin healing and replacement (e.g., EpiSCs).
  • Contrast Autografts vs Allografts – Understand their different applications and potential risks (e.g., immune rejection).
  • Explore Cultured Epidermal Autografts (CEA) – Look into how EpiSCs can be used to make skin grafts for treating severe burns (e.g., CEA).
  • Explain the role of Exosomes – Describe their functions in wound healing and scar prevention.
  • Apply in Context – Understand the clinical applications of these terms in dermatology and wound healing.

Questions that this video will help you answer

  • What are Epidermal Stem Cells (EpiSCs) and how are they vital in skin repair?
  • What is the difference between Autografts and Allografts in wound healing?
  • How do Cultured Epidermal Autografts (CEAs) aid in treating severe burns?

This video is also useful for

  • Medical Students - Deepen understanding of skin biology, wound healing process and related therapies.
  • Healthcare Professionals - Gain insights into novel stem cell applications and innovative treatment options.
  • Researchers - Enhance understanding of EpiSCs, tissue engineering and scar prevention methodologies.
  • Patients and their families - Gain knowledge about treatment options for severe skin injuries and burns.

Explore More Videos

表皮干细胞 EpiSCs 皮肤移植物 培养的表皮自体移植物 CEA 自体皮肤移植物 同种异体移植物 伤口愈合 疤痕形成 外泌体 MicroRNA 细胞外囊泡 再生医学

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