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JoVE Core
Nursing
护理计划 II
护理计划 II
JoVE Core
Nursing
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JoVE Core Nursing
Planning Nursing Care II

8.2: 护理计划 II

3,406 Views
01:29 min
December 28, 2023
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

护理计划可以分为两种形式:非正式和正式。非正式的护理计划是护士个人在其工作期间使用的计划,旨在实现特定目标,并不包含在患者的正式记录中。正式的护理计划是一份书面或电子形式的指南,用于管理患者的护理。可进一步细分为两类:标准化和个性化护理计划。标准化护理计划是针对特定病患群体(如术后病患)预先制定的护理计划。个性化护理计划则根据患者的特定需求量身定制,并随着护理过程的发展而调整。

在制定和编写护理计划时,护士通常遵循以下五个步骤:

  • 评估:从初级和次级患者资源中收集客观和主观数据。数据来源的可能包括患者和家属的陈述、病史、体格检查结果和生命体征。
  • 诊断:根据评估收集的数据和信息制定护理诊断。使用马斯洛的需求层次理论有助于确定优先诊断和相应的干预措施。
  • 制定目标:在确定诊断后,护士将根据患者的需求制定具体、可衡量、可实现、相关性强和时限明确的短期和长期目标(SMART)。目标还应当符合患者的个人愿望。例如,假设目标是让患者在住院期间选择营养丰富的饮食,但患者更希望关注他们的心理健康。在这种情况下,饮食选择可能不是最紧迫的目标。
  • 实施:在实施阶段,护士执行护理计划中规定的护理干预措施。一些干预措施可能会立即见效,而有些则可能需要较长时间才能显现,可能在护士换班或患者住院后期才能观察到。
  • 评估:评估允许护士评估干预措施的结果,并确定是否达到了既定目标。SMART目标有三种可能的结果:达到、进行中和未达到。根据评估结果,护士可以决定是否需要调整目标和干预措施。

Transcript

护理计划可以是非正式的或正式的。非正式的护理计划是护士心中的一种行动。

正式计划是患者护理的书面蓝图。它又分为两种类型。

标准化护理计划为有常规需求的患者指定护理,而个性化护理计划则侧重于患者的独特需求。

护理计划是根据人类的基本需求、护理诊断和医学或跨学科护理计划制定的。

护理计划的五种格式是:

计算机化护理计划,一种有助于减少文书工作并增强记录保存的电子病历。

轮班报告的变化在护理交接期间传达信息。

Critical Pathway 提供有关标准化多学科护理计划的信息,以表达在时间范围内预测的患者结果。

概念图以图形方式组织患者数据,分析数据中的关系,并提供患者健康状况的整体视图。

最后,学生护理计划有助于应用从护理文献中获得的知识。它比医院环境中使用的实际护理计划更详细。

Explore More Videos

护理计划 非正式护理计划 正式护理计划 标准化护理计划 个性化护理计划 护理诊断 评估 规划结果 SMART 目标 实施 评估 患者护理旅程 马斯洛需求层次理论

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