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Home
JoVE Core
Physics
位移电流
Video Quiz
位移电流
JoVE Core
Physics
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JoVE Core Physics
Displacement Current

30.9: 位移电流

3,965 Views
01:19 min
May 22, 2025
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

安培定律的通常形式在电流随时间变化且不稳定的地方不起作用。 因此,麦克斯韦建议对实际传导电流I添加一个额外的贡献,称为位移电流Id,.

Equation1

其中位移电流定义为

Equation2

这里,ε0是自由空间的介电常数,ΦE是电通量。

位移电流是麦克斯韦方程中的附加项,类似于安培定律中的实际电流。 然而,它是由变化的电场产生的。 它解释了产生磁场的变化电场,就像实际电流一样,但即使不存在实际电流,位移电流也可以产生磁场。 当包含这个额外项时,修改后的安培定律方程变为

Equation3

通过这种方式,可以修改安培定律,使其适用于所有情况,并且与测量电流I的表面无关。

Transcript

安培定律指出,磁场沿闭合曲线的线积分等于自由空间的磁导率乘以通过回路的净电流。

考虑在充电状态下与电池连接的平行板电容器。

将安培定律应用于所示的两个表面的 Amperian 回路由出两个不同的磁场值,这是不可能的。

当电容器充电时,电场以及电通量会通过凸起的表面增加。电通量的值可以用电荷来获得。

1865 年,詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克斯韦 (James Clerk Maxwell) 预测,由于这种时变电场,通过称为位移电流的虚构电流在电容器的极板之间产生非零磁场。

位移电流的表达式以电通量表示。

因此,安培定律被修改为位移电流的附加项。它被称为安培-麦克斯韦定律或广义安培定律。

Explore More Videos

位移电流 安培定律 麦克斯韦方程组 变化的电场 磁场 自由空间介电常数 电通量 修正的安培定律 实际导通电流 时变电流

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