-1::1
Simple Hit Counter
Skip to content

Products

Solutions

×
×
Sign In

CN

EN - EnglishCN - 简体中文DE - DeutschES - EspañolKR - 한국어IT - ItalianoFR - FrançaisPT - Português do BrasilPL - PolskiHE - עִבְרִיתRU - РусскийJA - 日本語TR - TürkçeAR - العربية
Sign In Start Free Trial

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal

Peer reviewed scientific video journal

Behavior
Biochemistry
Bioengineering
Biology
Cancer Research
Chemistry
Developmental Biology
View All
JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Video encyclopedia of advanced research methods

Biological Techniques
Biology
Cancer Research
Immunology
Neuroscience
Microbiology
JoVE Visualize

Visualizing science through experiment videos

EDUCATION

JoVE Core

Video textbooks for undergraduate courses

Analytical Chemistry
Anatomy and Physiology
Biology
Calculus
Cell Biology
Chemistry
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
View All
JoVE Science Education

Visual demonstrations of key scientific experiments

Advanced Biology
Basic Biology
Chemistry
View All
JoVE Lab Manual

Videos of experiments for undergraduate lab courses

Biology
Chemistry

BUSINESS

JoVE Business

Video textbooks for business education

Accounting
Finance
Macroeconomics
Marketing
Microeconomics

OTHERS

JoVE Quiz

Interactive video based quizzes for formative assessments

Authors

Teaching Faculty

Librarians

K12 Schools

Biopharma

Products

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal

Peer reviewed scientific video journal

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Video encyclopedia of advanced research methods

JoVE Visualize

Visualizing science through experiment videos

EDUCATION

JoVE Core

Video textbooks for undergraduates

JoVE Science Education

Visual demonstrations of key scientific experiments

JoVE Lab Manual

Videos of experiments for undergraduate lab courses

BUSINESS

JoVE Business

Video textbooks for business education

OTHERS

JoVE Quiz

Interactive video based quizzes for formative assessments

Solutions

Authors
Teaching Faculty
Librarians
K12 Schools
Biopharma

Language

zh_CN

EN

English

CN

简体中文

DE

Deutsch

ES

Español

KR

한국어

IT

Italiano

FR

Français

PT

Português do Brasil

PL

Polski

HE

עִבְרִית

RU

Русский

JA

日本語

TR

Türkçe

AR

العربية

    Menu

    JoVE Journal

    Behavior

    Biochemistry

    Bioengineering

    Biology

    Cancer Research

    Chemistry

    Developmental Biology

    Engineering

    Environment

    Genetics

    Immunology and Infection

    Medicine

    Neuroscience

    Menu

    JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

    Biological Techniques

    Biology

    Cancer Research

    Immunology

    Neuroscience

    Microbiology

    Menu

    JoVE Core

    Analytical Chemistry

    Anatomy and Physiology

    Biology

    Calculus

    Cell Biology

    Chemistry

    Civil Engineering

    Electrical Engineering

    Introduction to Psychology

    Mechanical Engineering

    Medical-Surgical Nursing

    View All

    Menu

    JoVE Science Education

    Advanced Biology

    Basic Biology

    Chemistry

    Clinical Skills

    Engineering

    Environmental Sciences

    Physics

    Psychology

    View All

    Menu

    JoVE Lab Manual

    Biology

    Chemistry

    Menu

    JoVE Business

    Accounting

    Finance

    Macroeconomics

    Marketing

    Microeconomics

Start Free Trial
Loading...
Home
JoVE Core
Anatomy and Physiology
内质网
内质网
JoVE Core
Anatomy and Physiology
A subscription to JoVE is required to view this content.  Sign in or start your free trial.
JoVE Core Anatomy and Physiology
The Endoplasmic Reticulum

5.8: 内质网

3,203 Views
01:43 min
June 23, 2023
AI Banner

Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

内质网(ER)占据了细胞膜的一半以上,占细胞总体积的 10%。它也是大多数细胞器(例如高尔基体、溶酶体、分泌泡和细胞质膜)中主要蛋白质和脂质的合成工厂。尽管内质网是范围最广、功能最复杂的亚细胞器,但它却是最后被发现的。经过多年的研究,基思·波特(Keith Porter)和乔治·帕拉德(George Palade)于 1954 首次通过高分辨率电子显微镜图像证实了真核细胞中内质网的存在。

内质网膜被确定为是蛋白质合成的场所,这对于使用放射性标记和荧光标记的氨基酸进行细胞内运输来说是至关重要的。由于内质网与其他亚细胞细胞器能够形成复杂的网状结构,因此分离内质网是一项棘手的任务。然而,在细胞均质化时,被破坏的内质网膜会被重新密封成小型的封闭囊泡,并将其称为微粒体。这些囊泡会形成一个微系统,能够维持所有与内质网相关功能,例如蛋白质和脂质的合成、钙信号的传导和糖基化。亚细胞分级分离是纯化这些膜最佳的且常用的技术。当使用蔗糖梯度来进行分离时,粗糙的内质网微粒体的沉淀密度将会高于光滑的内质网微粒体。

细胞内的内质网网络是动态的。它能够与细胞骨架一起不断地发生变形,以此来增强对细胞结构的机械支撑。尽管内质网膜的池和小管的形态不同,但两者之间可以进行相互转化,并且能够由膜蛋白的表达来进行控制。内质网网络能够通过小管的生长、缩回和相邻内质网之间的膜融合来进行重新排列。

如上所述,内质网网络是细胞能够达到最佳整体健康状态所必需的。内质网形态的破坏与病理状况有关,其中包括阿尔茨海默病、遗传性痉挛性截瘫等神经系统疾病,以及丙型肝炎病毒和登革热病毒等病毒感染。

Transcript

内质网或 ER 是一个相互连接的膜细胞器,它与外核膜连续运行,并广泛延伸到真核细胞的细胞质中。

ER 有三种结构形态 - 核膜、外周脑池和互连的管状网络。

核膜由堆叠的内核膜和外核膜组成,形成一个包含核质和基因组的脑池圈。

外核膜继续进入外周脑池 - 一个扁平的囊泡网络,带有一个被 ER 膜包围的大腔。

在显微镜下观察时,由于存在膜结合的核糖体,ER 的这一部分类似于串珠状的线,通常被称为粗 ER。

附着的核糖体将新翻译的多肽链释放到粗面 ER 的腔中,来自 ER 质量控制系统的伴侣蛋白帮助多肽折叠成适当的三级结构。

通过质量控制检查后,蛋白质被包装成囊泡并释放到高尔基体中。

离粗糙的 ER 更远的是相互连接的 ER 小管。

这个区域没有附着的核糖体,称为光滑 ER。它合成碳水化合物和脂质,这些碳水化合物和脂质被包装成囊泡或通过 ER 膜上的转运蛋白释放,以输送到细胞的其他部分。

Explore More Videos

内质网 内质网 蛋白质合成 脂质合成 细胞内运输 微粒体 亚细胞分级分离 粗面内质网 平滑内质网 内质网网络 内质网形态 细胞健康 神经系统疾病 病毒感染

Related Videos

什么是细胞?

什么是细胞?

Cells and their Components

5.2K 浏览

细胞多样性

01:13

细胞多样性

Cells and their Components

5.2K 浏览

细胞质

细胞质

Cells and their Components

4.4K 浏览

核心

核心

Cells and their Components

3.3K 浏览

核小体

01:19

核小体

Cells and their Components

4.3K 浏览

核小体核心粒子

01:12

核小体核心粒子

Cells and their Components

2.4K 浏览

染色质包装

01:32

染色质包装

Cells and their Components

19.6K 浏览

高尔基体

高尔基体

Cells and their Components

4.4K 浏览

溶 酶 体

溶 酶 体

Cells and their Components

3.3K 浏览

线粒体

线粒体

Cells and their Components

3.8K 浏览

线粒体膜

线粒体膜

Cells and their Components

2.1K 浏览

过氧化物酶体

过氧化物酶体

Cells and their Components

1.7K 浏览

核糖体

核糖体

Cells and their Components

3.3K 浏览

蛋白酶体结构

01:17

蛋白酶体结构

Cells and their Components

1.8K 浏览

蛋白酶体

01:13

蛋白酶体

Cells and their Components

1.7K 浏览

Cytoframe 简介

Cytoframe 简介

Cells and their Components

3.6K 浏览

中心粒和中心体

01:13

中心粒和中心体

Cells and their Components

6.3K 浏览

细胞运动中的微管

细胞运动中的微管

Cells and their Components

1.3K 浏览

睫状运动机制

睫状运动机制

Cells and their Components

2.2K 浏览

微绒毛

00:55

微绒毛

Cells and their Components

9.6K 浏览

JoVE logo
Contact Us Recommend to Library
Research
  • JoVE Journal
  • JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments
  • JoVE Visualize
Business
  • JoVE Business
Education
  • JoVE Core
  • JoVE Science Education
  • JoVE Lab Manual
  • JoVE Quizzes
Solutions
  • Authors
  • Teaching Faculty
  • Librarians
  • K12 Schools
  • Biopharma
About JoVE
  • Overview
  • Leadership
Others
  • JoVE Newsletters
  • JoVE Help Center
  • Blogs
  • JoVE Newsroom
  • Site Maps
Contact Us Recommend to Library
JoVE logo

Copyright © 2026 MyJoVE Corporation. All rights reserved

Privacy Terms of Use Policies
WeChat QR code