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Home
JoVE Core
Anatomy and Physiology
头骨概述
Video Quiz
头骨概述
JoVE Core
Anatomy and Physiology
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JoVE Core Anatomy and Physiology
Overview of the Skull

11.2: 头骨概述

8,643 Views
01:08 min
June 23, 2023
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

颅骨(头骨)是头部的骨骼结构,用于支撑面部并保护大脑。它分为面部骨骼和脑壳或颅顶。面部骨骼位于面部结构的下方,形成鼻腔,同时包围着眼球,并支撑上颌和下颌的牙齿。

颅腔包围着大脑并使其受到保护,并容纳中耳和内耳的结构。该腔的上部是由颅骨的圆形顶部(称为颅盖骨)以及颅骨的外侧和后侧来进行界定的。形成脑壳顶部和侧面的骨头也通常被称为“扁平”骨头或头骨的骨头。

成人的头骨是由二十二块单独的骨头组成的,其中的二十一块是固定的同时并结合成一个单元。第二十块骨头是下颌骨(下颌),它是头骨中唯一可移动的骨头。

在这二十二块骨头中,又可以分为八块颅骨和十四块面骨。脑壳是由八块骨头所组成的。这些骨头包括成对的顶骨和颞骨,以及不成对的额骨、枕骨、蝶骨和筛骨。

颅骨的面部骨骼形成了上颌和下颌、鼻子、鼻腔和鼻中隔以及眼眶。面部骨骼中包括十四块骨头,其中有六块成对的骨头和两块不成对的骨头。成对的骨头是上颌骨、额骨、颧骨、鼻骨、泪骨和下鼻甲骨。不成对的骨头是犁骨和下颌骨。虽然筛骨与颅骨一起进行分类,但筛骨也对鼻中隔、鼻腔壁和眼眶壁有所贡献。

大多数颅骨和面部骨骼通过缝合线或固定关节来进行相互连接。骨头之间的狭窄间隙充满了致密的纤维结缔组织,通过将骨头连接在一起。位于颅骨之间的长缝线不是笔直的,而是遵循不规则、紧密扭曲的路径。这些扭曲的线可以将相邻的骨头紧密地固定在一起,从而增加头骨的强度以保护大脑。

本文改编自:Openstax, Anatomy and Physiology 2e, Section 7.2: The Skull

Transcript

人类头骨主要由颅骨和面部骨骼组成。

颅骨包括额骨和顶骨,枕骨后部,颞骨位于颅骨的外侧。下方是筛骨和蝶骨。

颅骨的上部、侧部和后部形成颅穹窿,而其下部形成颅底。它们一起形成包围大脑的颅腔。

缝合线 – 纤维结缔组织关节与相邻的颅骨互锁。

下颌骨是最大的面部骨骼,形成下颌。成对的鼻骨、泪骨和颧骨以及上颌骨有助于面部形状。

鼻甲位于下方,突出到鼻腔中。不成对的犁骨部分形成鼻中隔。成对的腭骨将鼻腔与口腔分开。

Explore More Videos

颅骨 颅骨 面骨 颅穹窿 脑保护 下颌骨 颅骨 面部结构 鼻腔 眼眶骨 缝合线 纤维结缔组织 上颌骨 筛骨 颧骨

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