评估血压的术前指南

Gather a stethoscope, sphygmomanometer, pen, flow sheet, and alcohol swab. Ensure the cuff size is appropriate: the bladder should cover 40% of the arm's circumference. Use a small cuff for lean adults and a large or bariatric cuff for obese adults. Proper equipment preparation ensures accurate and reliable measurements.

Verify the patient's full name, hospital number, and date of birth to ensure measurements are recorded for the correct patient. Explain the procedure thoroughly so the patient understands and consents, which relieves anxiety and facilitates cooperation. Clear communication enhances patient safety and measurement accuracy.

Ensure the patient sits or lies comfortably with back support, feet flat on the floor, and legs uncrossed. Support the forearm at heart level, as height differences between the heart and cuff significantly affect readings. Proper positioning prevents venous pooling and ensures consistent, reliable measurements.

Avoid using the cuff on arms with intravenous infusions, cannulas, arteriovenous fistulas, casts, recent breast surgery, or lymphadenopathy. Use the opposite arm or lower extremity instead. Avoiding compromised sites prevents patient discomfort and ensures accurate readings unaffected by these conditions.

Perform hand hygiene using bactericidal soap or alcohol-based hand rub. Ask the patient to empty their bladder, as a full bladder elevates readings due to increased sympathetic nervous system activity. Ensure no tight clothing restricts the arm. These assessments eliminate factors that could alter blood pressure values.

Resting in a quiet environment for at least five minutes allows the patient to relax and achieve a baseline physiological state. This preparation period reduces anxiety and sympathetic nervous system activation, ensuring the measurement reflects the patient's true resting blood pressure rather than stress-induced elevation.

The cuff bladder should have at least 40% width and 80% length of upper arm circumference. For obese adults, use a large or bariatric cuff; for lean adults, use a small cuff. Proper cuff sizing is critical because incorrect sizing causes measurement errors and inaccurate blood pressure readings.