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Physics
磁化率、介电常数和介电常数
磁化率、介电常数和介电常数
JoVE Core
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JoVE Core Physics
Susceptibility, Permittivity and Dielectric Constant

25.11: 磁化率、介电常数和介电常数

3,106 Views
01:26 min
May 22, 2025
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

当置于外部电场中时,介电材料会极化。 介电材料中的电荷密度由束缚电荷密度和自由电荷密度之和给出,而总电荷密度也可以用总电场来表示。 束缚电荷密度可以通过极化来测量,从而得出电位移与极化之间的关系。

Equation1

线性电介质的极化与电场成正比。 这引入了一个新的比例常数,称为电化率,是一个无量纲量。 电化率是任何材料极化的趋势,在自由空间中为零。

Equation2

可以求解这些表达式以给出第二比例常数,或材料的介电常数。

Equation3

材料的介电常数与自由空间磁导率之间的比率给出了第三个比例常数,称为相对介电常数或介电常数。

Equation4

这与给出具有和不具有介电介质的电容器的电容之间的关系相同的比例常数。 自由空间的介电常数值为1。电容器中电介质的存在总是会增加能量存储,从而增加电容。 因此,任何介质的介电常数始终大于 1。

Transcript

在极化电介质中,总电荷密度是束缚密度和自由电荷密度之和。回顾束缚电荷密度的表达式,并根据总电场重写总电荷密度,可以得到以极化表示的电位移表达式。

对于线性电介质,极化与总电场成正比。比例常数称为材料的电化率,自由空间的介电常数使电化率无量纲。

对于施加的电场,如果电化率增加,则极化会增加。

用极化表达式代入意味着电位移也与总电场成正比。

比例的新常数是材料的介电常数。材料的介电常数与自由空间的介电常数之比得出相对介电常数,也称为介电常数。

这估计了为给定电场存储电荷的能力。电容器中使用具有较高介电常数的材料以增加能量存储。

Explore More Videos

磁化率 介电常数 介电常数 电场 介电材料 极化 电荷密度 电位移 线性电介质 束缚电荷密度 自由空间 相对介电常数 电容 储能

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