-1::1
Simple Hit Counter
Skip to content

Products

Solutions

×
×
Sign In

CN

EN - EnglishCN - 简体中文DE - DeutschES - EspañolKR - 한국어IT - ItalianoFR - FrançaisPT - Português do BrasilPL - PolskiHE - עִבְרִיתRU - РусскийJA - 日本語TR - TürkçeAR - العربية
Sign In Start Free Trial

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal

Peer reviewed scientific video journal

Behavior
Biochemistry
Bioengineering
Biology
Cancer Research
Chemistry
Developmental Biology
View All
JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Video encyclopedia of advanced research methods

Biological Techniques
Biology
Cancer Research
Immunology
Neuroscience
Microbiology
JoVE Visualize

Visualizing science through experiment videos

EDUCATION

JoVE Core

Video textbooks for undergraduate courses

Analytical Chemistry
Anatomy and Physiology
Biology
Calculus
Cell Biology
Chemistry
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
View All
JoVE Science Education

Visual demonstrations of key scientific experiments

Advanced Biology
Basic Biology
Chemistry
View All
JoVE Lab Manual

Videos of experiments for undergraduate lab courses

Biology
Chemistry

BUSINESS

JoVE Business

Video textbooks for business education

Accounting
Finance
Macroeconomics
Marketing
Microeconomics

OTHERS

JoVE Quiz

Interactive video based quizzes for formative assessments

Authors

Teaching Faculty

Librarians

K12 Schools

Biopharma

Products

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal

Peer reviewed scientific video journal

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Video encyclopedia of advanced research methods

JoVE Visualize

Visualizing science through experiment videos

EDUCATION

JoVE Core

Video textbooks for undergraduates

JoVE Science Education

Visual demonstrations of key scientific experiments

JoVE Lab Manual

Videos of experiments for undergraduate lab courses

BUSINESS

JoVE Business

Video textbooks for business education

OTHERS

JoVE Quiz

Interactive video based quizzes for formative assessments

Solutions

Authors
Teaching Faculty
Librarians
K12 Schools
Biopharma

Language

zh_CN

EN

English

CN

简体中文

DE

Deutsch

ES

Español

KR

한국어

IT

Italiano

FR

Français

PT

Português do Brasil

PL

Polski

HE

עִבְרִית

RU

Русский

JA

日本語

TR

Türkçe

AR

العربية

    Menu

    JoVE Journal

    Behavior

    Biochemistry

    Bioengineering

    Biology

    Cancer Research

    Chemistry

    Developmental Biology

    Engineering

    Environment

    Genetics

    Immunology and Infection

    Medicine

    Neuroscience

    Menu

    JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

    Biological Techniques

    Biology

    Cancer Research

    Immunology

    Neuroscience

    Microbiology

    Menu

    JoVE Core

    Analytical Chemistry

    Anatomy and Physiology

    Biology

    Calculus

    Cell Biology

    Chemistry

    Civil Engineering

    Electrical Engineering

    Introduction to Psychology

    Mechanical Engineering

    Medical-Surgical Nursing

    View All

    Menu

    JoVE Science Education

    Advanced Biology

    Basic Biology

    Chemistry

    Clinical Skills

    Engineering

    Environmental Sciences

    Physics

    Psychology

    View All

    Menu

    JoVE Lab Manual

    Biology

    Chemistry

    Menu

    JoVE Business

    Accounting

    Finance

    Macroeconomics

    Marketing

    Microeconomics

Start Free Trial
Loading...
Home
JoVE Core
Pharmacology
药物给药途径:肠外给药
Video Quiz
药物给药途径:肠外给药
JoVE Core
Pharmacology
A subscription to JoVE is required to view this content.  Sign in or start your free trial.
JoVE Core Pharmacology
Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

1.11: 药物给药途径:肠外给药

3,420 Views
01:25 min
September 22, 2023
AI Banner

Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

通过肠外给径给药,可使药物直接进入全身循环,因为药物绕过了胃肠道和肝脏代谢的不利条件,所以具有高生物利用度。

静脉注射(IV)可以进一步分为两种类型。静脉推注快速给予整个剂量,而静脉输注逐渐缓慢地给予较小剂量。

对于刺激性溶液,通常选择静脉注射途径,因为快速的血流能迅速稀释溶液,减少给患者带来的不适或危害。然而,需要注意的是,静脉注射也可能导致药物在血液中迅速达到高浓度,增加了不良反应的风险。此外,如果给药部位受到污染,可能会引入感染因子。

另一种肠外给药方法是肌肉注射,药物直接注射到肌肉中。肌肉中的血液循环促进药物吸收。对于水溶液药物,吸收通常较快,而非水溶性药物则会吸收较慢且持续时间较长。

皮下给药将药物直接注入皮肤和肌肉层之间的组织。这种方法通常提供缓慢而稳定的吸收,从而在一段时间内产生持久的效果。某些药物被设计为以固体形式植入皮下,以实现渐进吸收并延长治疗活性。

Transcript

肠外途径将药物直接输送到体循环中,由于药物绕过恶劣的胃肠道环境和肝脏代谢,因此具有很高的生物利用度。

在静脉给药途径中,推注可快速注射全部剂量,而静脉输注则以恒定速率缓慢注射较小剂量。

静脉途径是刺激性溶液的首选,因为血液会迅速稀释它们。

静脉注射导致快速和高药物浓度,因此不良反应的风险很高。如果给药部位被污染,该途径也可能引入传染性病原体。

肌内途径将药物注入肌肉。血液的肌肉灌注有助于吸收。药物的水溶液可迅速吸收,但如果使用非水性载体,则吸收速度较慢且持续。

皮下途径将药物注射到皮肤和肌肉之间的组织中。

吸收相对较慢且恒定,可提供持续的效果。

一些药物以固体形式植入皮下,允许缓慢吸收和长期活性。

Explore More Videos

肠外给药 静脉途径 静脉推注 静脉输注 药物生物利用度 药物吸收 肌内途径 皮下途径 肌肉灌注 缓释 不良反应 感染因子

Related Videos

药物研发: 概述

01:26

药物研发: 概述

General Pharmacological Principles

12.5K 浏览

药物临床前开发:概述

01:28

药物临床前开发:概述

General Pharmacological Principles

6.2K 浏览

临床试验:概述

01:11

临床试验:概述

General Pharmacological Principles

5.2K 浏览

药物命名法

01:17

药物命名法

General Pharmacological Principles

3.6K 浏览

药物监管

01:25

药物监管

General Pharmacological Principles

3.2K 浏览

药物类别

01:25

药物类别

General Pharmacological Principles

3.3K 浏览

药物-受体键

01:25

药物-受体键

General Pharmacological Principles

5.1K 浏览

药物-受体相互作用

01:29

药物-受体相互作用

General Pharmacological Principles

7.9K 浏览

给药途径:概述

01:22

给药途径:概述

General Pharmacological Principles

10.1K 浏览

药物的给药途径:肠道给药

01:18

药物的给药途径:肠道给药

General Pharmacological Principles

7.8K 浏览

药物的其他给药途径

01:18

药物的其他给药途径

General Pharmacological Principles

5.2K 浏览

处方药、非处方药和孤儿药品

01:02

处方药、非处方药和孤儿药品

General Pharmacological Principles

1.3K 浏览

影响药物反应的因素:概述

01:21

影响药物反应的因素:概述

General Pharmacological Principles

3.2K 浏览

JoVE logo
Contact Us Recommend to Library
Research
  • JoVE Journal
  • JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments
  • JoVE Visualize
Business
  • JoVE Business
Education
  • JoVE Core
  • JoVE Science Education
  • JoVE Lab Manual
  • JoVE Quizzes
Solutions
  • Authors
  • Teaching Faculty
  • Librarians
  • K12 Schools
  • Biopharma
About JoVE
  • Overview
  • Leadership
Others
  • JoVE Newsletters
  • JoVE Help Center
  • Blogs
  • JoVE Newsroom
  • Site Maps
Contact Us Recommend to Library
JoVE logo

Copyright © 2026 MyJoVE Corporation. All rights reserved

Privacy Terms of Use Policies
WeChat QR code