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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.
烟碱受体是由乙酰胆碱和尼古丁激活的配体门控离子通道。在激活时,它们导致细胞对K+、Na+和C2+,+的通透性迅速增加,随后发生去极化和兴奋。它们存在于自主神经节、骨骼神经肌肉连接处、中枢神经系统和肾上腺髓质。
烟碱受体分为两种类型:神经肌肉型(NM/NM/N1)和神经型(NN/NN/N2)。这两个家族根据它们的位置、对激动剂和拮抗剂的选择性的不同而有所区别。神经肌肉连接处具有NM型,而中枢神经系统、周围神经系统和非神经组织具有NN型。D-图博库啪、琥珀胆碱和十二甲胆巴溴化物阻断NM受体,而曲美他嗪和己甲铵阻断 NN受体。
烟碱受体具有五聚体亚单位(α, β、 γ、 ε、ε和δ δ),形成一个玫瑰花样的受体复合物。NM受体具有α2、 β、 γγ(或εε)和δ亚单位,而NN受体只有α 或α、α亚单位。每个亚单位都具有一个细胞内C-末端、一个细胞外N-末端,以及四个α螺旋跨膜结构域,围绕着一个作为离子通道的中央孔。在受体的胞外域上,存在两个乙酰胆碱结合位点,位于αγ和αδ界面。
乙酰胆碱结合到烟碱受体上引起细胞膜通透性的改变,允许阳离子通过离子通道运动。阳离子通量使终板去极化,导致神经肌肉接头处的肌肉收缩或自主神经节处的神经冲动继续。
nAChR 是配体门控离子通道,对尼古丁的亲和力高于 ACh 或毒蕈碱。
它们分为 NM 或肌肉型和 NN 或神经元型。
NM 受体存在于神经肌肉接头处,而 NN 受体存在于自主神经节和肾上腺髓质中。
在结构上,烟碱受体是具有中央孔的莲座状五聚体。孔用作离子通道。在受体的细胞外结构域上,存在两个 ACh 结合位点。
NM 受体包括 α、β、γ 和 δ 亚基,而 NN 受体仅由 α 和 β 亚基组成。
配体与受体的结合为钠离子、钾离子和钙离子等阳离子打开离子通道。
离子流入使终板去极化,导致神经肌肉接头处的肌肉收缩或自主神经节处的神经冲动延续。
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