-1::1
Simple Hit Counter
Skip to content

Products

Solutions

×
×
Sign In

CN

EN - EnglishCN - 简体中文DE - DeutschES - EspañolKR - 한국어IT - ItalianoFR - FrançaisPT - Português do BrasilPL - PolskiHE - עִבְרִיתRU - РусскийJA - 日本語TR - TürkçeAR - العربية
Sign In Start Free Trial

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal

Peer reviewed scientific video journal

Behavior
Biochemistry
Bioengineering
Biology
Cancer Research
Chemistry
Developmental Biology
View All
JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Video encyclopedia of advanced research methods

Biological Techniques
Biology
Cancer Research
Immunology
Neuroscience
Microbiology
JoVE Visualize

Visualizing science through experiment videos

EDUCATION

JoVE Core

Video textbooks for undergraduate courses

Analytical Chemistry
Anatomy and Physiology
Biology
Calculus
Cell Biology
Chemistry
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
View All
JoVE Science Education

Visual demonstrations of key scientific experiments

Advanced Biology
Basic Biology
Chemistry
View All
JoVE Lab Manual

Videos of experiments for undergraduate lab courses

Biology
Chemistry

BUSINESS

JoVE Business

Video textbooks for business education

Accounting
Finance
Macroeconomics
Marketing
Microeconomics

OTHERS

JoVE Quiz

Interactive video based quizzes for formative assessments

Authors

Teaching Faculty

Librarians

K12 Schools

Biopharma

Products

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal

Peer reviewed scientific video journal

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Video encyclopedia of advanced research methods

JoVE Visualize

Visualizing science through experiment videos

EDUCATION

JoVE Core

Video textbooks for undergraduates

JoVE Science Education

Visual demonstrations of key scientific experiments

JoVE Lab Manual

Videos of experiments for undergraduate lab courses

BUSINESS

JoVE Business

Video textbooks for business education

OTHERS

JoVE Quiz

Interactive video based quizzes for formative assessments

Solutions

Authors
Teaching Faculty
Librarians
K12 Schools
Biopharma

Language

zh_CN

EN

English

CN

简体中文

DE

Deutsch

ES

Español

KR

한국어

IT

Italiano

FR

Français

PT

Português do Brasil

PL

Polski

HE

עִבְרִית

RU

Русский

JA

日本語

TR

Türkçe

AR

العربية

    Menu

    JoVE Journal

    Behavior

    Biochemistry

    Bioengineering

    Biology

    Cancer Research

    Chemistry

    Developmental Biology

    Engineering

    Environment

    Genetics

    Immunology and Infection

    Medicine

    Neuroscience

    Menu

    JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

    Biological Techniques

    Biology

    Cancer Research

    Immunology

    Neuroscience

    Microbiology

    Menu

    JoVE Core

    Analytical Chemistry

    Anatomy and Physiology

    Biology

    Calculus

    Cell Biology

    Chemistry

    Civil Engineering

    Electrical Engineering

    Introduction to Psychology

    Mechanical Engineering

    Medical-Surgical Nursing

    View All

    Menu

    JoVE Science Education

    Advanced Biology

    Basic Biology

    Chemistry

    Clinical Skills

    Engineering

    Environmental Sciences

    Physics

    Psychology

    View All

    Menu

    JoVE Lab Manual

    Biology

    Chemistry

    Menu

    JoVE Business

    Accounting

    Finance

    Macroeconomics

    Marketing

    Microeconomics

Start Free Trial
Loading...
Home
JoVE Core
Pharmacology
直接作用的胆碱能激动剂:化学和结构-活性的关系
直接作用的胆碱能激动剂:化学和结构-活性的关系
JoVE Core
Pharmacology
A subscription to JoVE is required to view this content.  Sign in or start your free trial.
JoVE Core Pharmacology
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

5.7: 直接作用的胆碱能激动剂:化学和结构-活性的关系

2,206 Views
01:22 min
September 22, 2023
AI Banner

Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

胆碱能激动剂或胆碱类药物模仿乙酰胆碱的作用来刺激副交感神经系统。它们分为直接作用和间接作用的药物。直接作用的胆碱能药物通过直接结合到肌肉或烟碱受体来诱导副交感神经反应。相比之下,间接作用的胆碱能药物阻止乙酰胆碱的水解,从而间接增加副交感神经反应的时间。

直接作用的胆碱能激动剂包括天然存在的植物生物碱和合成胆碱酯类。天然生物碱的例子包括毛果木碱、槟榔碱和毒蕈碱。毛果木碱是南美毛果木属灌木的主要生物碱,而毒蕈碱最早是从毒蕈菇中分离出来的。槟榔碱存在于槟榔树的槟榔果中。合成胆碱酯类包括甲胆碱、氯胺酰胆碱和丙胆碱。

胆碱酯类具有使它们比乙酰胆碱更难被乙酰胆碱酯酶水解的结构特征,从而延长它们的效果。含有氨甲酰基的氯胺酰胆碱对烟碱受体具有更高的特异性,并且与肌肉受体的亲和力相对较低。然而,氯胺酰胆碱对乙酰胆碱酯酶的水解具有较强的抵抗力。相反,含有甲基基团的甲胆碱具有较高的肌肉受体活性和较低的烟碱受体活性,并且它被酶缓慢水解。另一方面,同时含有氨甲酰基和甲基基团的贝他胆碱只具有肌肉受体活性,并且对酶的水解具有很高的抵抗力。

Transcript

胆碱能激动剂模仿 ACh 的作用,这种胆碱模拟物是直接或间接作用的药物。

直接作用激动剂结合并激活毒蕈碱和烟碱受体,并诱导比 ACh 更长的反应。

它们被归类为胆碱酯及其合成衍生物和天然存在的生物碱。

ACh — 内源性胆碱酯,具有一个连接带电季铵盐和酯基的乙烯桥,促进 ACh 与受体的结合。

然而,酯基易受 AChE 酶的影响,AChE 酶水解 ACh 并终止其作用。

合成胆碱酯来源于 ACh。它们具有亚型选择性,并且对酶水解有抵抗力。接头中存在额外的 –CH3 基团,增强了对毒蕈碱受体的选择性。

天然存在的生物碱包括叔胺和季胺,它们表现出受体特异性,不受 AChE 酶的影响。

Explore More Videos

直接作用胆碱能激动剂 胆碱模拟物 乙酰胆碱 副交感神经系统 毒蕈碱受体 尼古丁受体 植物生物碱 合成胆碱酯 毛果芸香碱 阿瑞可碱 毒蕈碱 乙酰胆碱 卡巴胆碱 氨甲胆碱 氨甲胆碱 乙酰胆碱酯酶 耐水解性

Related Videos

自主神经系统:概述

01:26

自主神经系统:概述

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

7.6K 浏览

神经化学传递:药物作用的部位

01:26

神经化学传递:药物作用的部位

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

3.6K 浏览

神经递质的分类

01:30

神经递质的分类

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

5.4K 浏览

胆碱能神经元:神经传递

01:23

胆碱能神经元:神经传递

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

5.5K 浏览

胆碱受体:毒蕈碱受体

01:25

胆碱受体:毒蕈碱受体

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

5.3K 浏览

胆碱能受体:烟碱受体

01:15

胆碱能受体:烟碱受体

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

5.8K 浏览

直接作用的胆碱能激动剂:药代动力学

01:31

直接作用的胆碱能激动剂:药代动力学

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

1.9K 浏览

直接作用的胆碱能激动剂:药理作用

00:59

直接作用的胆碱能激动剂:药理作用

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

2.4K 浏览

直接作用胆碱能激动剂:治疗用途

01:11

直接作用胆碱能激动剂:治疗用途

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

1.8K 浏览

胆碱酯酶:分布和功能

01:22

胆碱酯酶:分布和功能

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

1.1K 浏览

间接作用的胆碱能激动剂:化学和构效关系

01:29

间接作用的胆碱能激动剂:化学和构效关系

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

1.0K 浏览

间接作用的胆碱能激动剂:作用机制

01:18

间接作用的胆碱能激动剂:作用机制

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

2.8K 浏览

间接作用的胆碱能激动剂:药物动力学

01:22

间接作用的胆碱能激动剂:药物动力学

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

1.7K 浏览

间接作用的胆碱能激动剂:药理作用

01:32

间接作用的胆碱能激动剂:药理作用

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

1.6K 浏览

抗胆碱酯酶剂:中毒与治疗

01:26

抗胆碱酯酶剂:中毒与治疗

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

1.7K 浏览

重症肌无力: 概述和治疗

01:20

重症肌无力: 概述和治疗

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

3.1K 浏览

重型肌无力症:诊断测试

01:15

重型肌无力症:诊断测试

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

2.7K 浏览

胆碱能拮抗剂:化学和构效关系

01:29

胆碱能拮抗剂:化学和构效关系

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

2.8K 浏览

胆碱能拮抗剂:药代动力学

01:24

胆碱能拮抗剂:药代动力学

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

993 浏览

胆碱能拮抗剂:药理作用

01:28

胆碱能拮抗剂:药理作用

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

1.8K 浏览

胆碱能拮抗剂:治疗用途

01:26

胆碱能拮抗剂:治疗用途

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

1.5K 浏览

影响自主神经节的药物:兴奋剂

01:23

影响自主神经节的药物:兴奋剂

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

2.1K 浏览

作用于自主神经节的药物: 阻断剂

01:29

作用于自主神经节的药物: 阻断剂

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

1.7K 浏览

JoVE logo
Contact Us Recommend to Library
Research
  • JoVE Journal
  • JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments
  • JoVE Visualize
Business
  • JoVE Business
Education
  • JoVE Core
  • JoVE Science Education
  • JoVE Lab Manual
  • JoVE Quizzes
Solutions
  • Authors
  • Teaching Faculty
  • Librarians
  • K12 Schools
  • Biopharma
About JoVE
  • Overview
  • Leadership
Others
  • JoVE Newsletters
  • JoVE Help Center
  • Blogs
  • JoVE Newsroom
  • Site Maps
Contact Us Recommend to Library
JoVE logo

Copyright © 2026 MyJoVE Corporation. All rights reserved

Privacy Terms of Use Policies
WeChat QR code